西藏拉鲁湿地水系水质评价及污染源分析  

Water Quality Evaluation and Pollution Source Analysis of Lhalu Wetland in Xizang

作　　者：苏思强 冯源强 周会东 邵蓓 李永林 李梁婷 王祝 Su Siqiang;Feng Yuanqiang;Zhou Huidong;Shao Bei;Li Yonglin;Li Liangting;Wang Zhu(Central Laboratory of Xizang Bureau of Geology and Exploration,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区地质矿产勘查开发局中心实验室,拉萨850000

出　　处：《西藏科技》2024年第8期20-30,共11页Xizang Science And Technology

基　　金：西藏自治区自然科学基金项目(XZ202001ZR0079G)。

摘　　要：以西藏拉鲁湿地及补、排水干渠为研究对象,分枯水期和丰水期对拉鲁湿地水系8个点位的水质进行监测,采用单因子指数法对2个时期的水质综合状况进行评价。结果表明、拉鲁湿地水系不同季节均存在不同程度污染,枯水期拉鲁湿地水系水质等级为Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类和劣Ⅴ类,主要污染因子为总氮、总磷和氨氮,最大超标倍数分别达到11.20倍、2.67倍和1.29倍;丰水期拉鲁湿地水系水质等级为Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类,主要污染因子为总氮、石油类和总磷,超标倍数分别达到6.90倍、2.80倍和1.10倍。通过污染源分析,确定污染来源主要是城市居民生活污水排放进入拉鲁湿地上游干渠,此外,枯水期、丰水期拉鲁湿地水体溶解氧下降严重,主要是湿地内水生动植物及微生物消耗所致。Taking the Lhalu wetland and the main canals of replenishment and drainage as the research object,the water quality of 8 points in the Lhalu wetland system was monitored in the dry period and the wet season,and the water quality of the two periods was comprehensively evaluated by the single factor index method.The results showed that there were different degrees of pollution in the water system of Lhalu wetland in different seasons.During the dry season,the water quality of Lhalu wetland system was worsen into ClassⅢ,CassⅣand inferior ClassⅤ.The main pollution factors were TN,TP and NH3-N,and the maximum exceedance multiples were 11.20 times,2.67 times and 1.29 times,respectively.During the wet season,the water quality of the Lhalu wetland system was ClassⅣ,CassⅤand inferior ClassⅤ.The main pollution factors were TN,petroleum and TP,the exceedance multiples of which reached 6.90 times,2.80 times and 1.10 times,respectively.Through the analysis of pollution sources,it was determined that the main source of pollution was the discharge of domestic sewage from urban residents into the upper reaches of the Lhalu Wetland.In addition,the dissolved oxygen in the water body of the Lhalu Wetland decreased seriously during the dry season and the wet season,which was mainly caused by the consumption of aquatic animals,plants and microorganisms in the wetland.

关 键 词：拉鲁湿地 水质评价 单因子指数法 污染源 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X52