基于Ecopath模型的太白河川陕哲罗鲑环境容纳量的估算  

ESTIMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY OF HUCHO BLEEKERI IN TAIBAI RIVER BASED ON ECOPATH MODEL

作　　者：屈万民 杨海乐 杜浩[1] 刘旭 吴金明[1] QU Wan-Min;YANG Hai-Le;DU Hao;LIU Xu;WU Jin-Ming(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;Huanzhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室,武汉430223 [2]华中农业大学水产学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2024年第10期1706-1715,共10页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1200304);国家自然科学基金(31602165);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资助。

摘　　要：为评估太白河川陕哲罗鲑(Hucho bleekeri Kimura)的资源现状和环境容纳量,于2017—2018年对太白河的鱼类资源、饵料生物资源、水体理化特征等进行了调查。采用密度法估算出太白河川陕哲罗鲑现存资源量为3814尾,95%的置信区间为3624—4005尾;构建了太白河流域的Ecopath模型,河流总生产量为1748.91 t/(km^(2)·a),其中初级生产力为1643.00 t/(km^(2)·a),生态系统的连接指数(CI)和系统杂食指数(SOI)分别为0.429和0.087。川陕哲罗鲑、秦岭细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis)、小型中下层鱼类和浮游植物四个功能组为太白河水域生态系统中的关键种(类群),估算出川陕哲罗鲑的环境容纳量为1.87 t/km^(2),约5127尾,其中幼鱼为3399尾,成鱼为1728尾。基于现存量和环境容纳量,建议强化栖息地保护,促进川陕哲罗鲑资源恢复。Hucho bleekeri,a distinctive and regionally distributed cold-water fish in China,attained the status of a national first-class protected animal in 2021.To explore the current population of Hucho bleekeri in the Taibai River Basin,we estimated the existing resources based on biological survey data from the Taibai River conducted across four seasons from 2017 to 2018,utilizing systematic sampling techniques and the river reach method.Employing EwE software,we constructed an Ecopath model to depict the historical habitat of Hucho bleekeri in the Taibai River basin.The results showed that the total amount of Hucho bleekeri in the Taibaihe River was 3814 fish,with a 95%confidence interval ranging from 3624 to 4005 fish.Within this,the adult fish resources amounted to 1286,with a 95%confidence interval from 1233 to 1339,and juvenile fish resources accounted for 2528,with a 95%confidence interval ranging from 2438 to 2619.The carrying capacity of historical habitat environment for Hucho bleekeri in the Taibai River basin was 1.87 t/km^(2),supporting approximately 5127 dult fish and 3399 young fish per kilometer square,with an additional 1728 fish for tail areas.The total productivity of the ecosystem was 1748.91 t/(km^(2)·a),with total primary productivity at 1643.00 t/(km^(2)·a),constituting 93.94%of the total productivity.The aquatic ecosystem displayed a connectivity index(CI)of 0.429 and s system omnivore index(SOI)of 0.087,respectively.Zooplankton exhibited the highest ecological nutrient conversion efficiency at 0.84.Key species identified within the ecosystem included Hucho bleekeri,Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis,small middle and lower strata fishes.and phytoplankton.In conclusion,the existing resources of Hucho bleekeri in their historical habitats in the Taibai River Basin fall below their environmental capacity.Therefore,it is recommended that to enhance investigations of spawning grounds and habitat protection to facilitate the recovery of Hucho bleekeri.

关 键 词：ECOPATH模型 环境容纳量 太白河 川陕哲罗鲑 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]