繁殖洄游期青海湖裸鲤雌雄个体及群体对栖息地底质偏好选择的差异  

DIFFERENCES IN HABITAT SUBSTRATE PREFERENCES BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS OF GYMNOCYPRIS PRZEWALSKII DURING THEIR BREEDING AND MIGRATION PERIOD

作　　者：石小涛[1,2] 卢建雨 柯森繁 李冬晴 季怀耀 焦易林 王渊洋 祁洪芳[5] 高生辉 涂志英 SHI Xiao-Tao;LU Jian-Yu;KE Sen-Fan;LI Dong-Qing;JI Huai-Yao;JIAO Yi-Lin;WANG Yuan-Yang;QI Hong-Fang;GAO Sheng-Hui;TU Zhi-Ying(College of Hydraulic and Environment Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Hubei Interna-tional Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Guizhou Wujiang Hydropower Development Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550002,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Qinhai Naked Carp Rescue Center,Xining 810016,China;College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,宜昌443002 [2]三峡大学湖北省鱼类过坝技术国际科技合作基地,宜昌443002 [3]贵州乌江水电开发有限责任公司,贵阳550002 [4]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,成都610065 [5]青海湖裸鲤救护中心,西宁810016 [6]三峡大学生物与制药学院,宜昌443002

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2024年第10期1780-1788,共9页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52279069);湖北省自然科学基金计划-创新群体项目(2023AFA005);三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心开放基金(KF2022-10);国家自然科学基金委员会联合基金(U2340218)资助。

摘　　要：为明晰青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii)对栖息地底质的偏好,研究通过青海湖裸鲤栖息地调查筛选出5种典型栖息地底质类型,在青海湖支流沙柳河刚北干渠搭建配置有5种底质类型的青海湖裸鲤生境模拟池,采用偏好指数量化法,确定了雌雄个体偏好底质类型及偏好强度,分析了影响青海湖裸鲤底质选择的内外因素。结果表明:(1)单尾青海湖裸鲤雌鱼个体沙砾底质访问时间最长(2540s),雄鱼个体中小卵石底质访问时间最长(1960s);(2)青海湖裸鲤雌鱼只偏好沙砾底质(PI=6595.8),雄鱼偏好3种底质类型,其中中小卵石偏好程度最高(PR=10.3);(3)青海湖裸鲤雄鱼在群体底质选择中会跟随雌鱼的选择偏好,沙砾底质访问时间最长(2051s)。研究旨在为青海湖裸鲤河道底质改造、“自然”栖息地的营造提供理论依据。Restoring the natural habitat of Gymnocypris przewalskii is an important strategy to protect its resources.Among the essential elements of this habitat,riverbed substrate stands out,underscoring the necessity to discern the substrate preferences of G.przewalskii for habitat creation.Through a comprehensive habitat survey,this study identified five typical substrate types.Subsequently,a simulation pond featuring these substrate was constructed in the Gangbei Canal of Shaliu River,a Qinghai Lake tributary.Employing quantitative preference index methods,we evaluated the substrate preferences and intensity of both male and female G.przewalskii individuals.Additionally,we analyzed the internal and external factors influencing substrate selection in G.przewalskii.The results showed that(1)Females G.przewalskii exhibited the longest visit durations on gravel substrate(2540s),while males favored small and medium pebble(1960s);(2)Females displayed a preference solely for sandy and gravel substrate(PI=6595.8),whereas males preferred all three substrate types,particularly small and medium pebbles(PR=10.3);(3)Male G.przewalskii individuals tended to follow females’substrate preference in group selection,with gravel substrate attracting the longest visit durations(2051s).This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for river substrate modification and the creation of“natural”habitats conducive to G.przewalskii.

关 键 词：性别 群体 栖息地 底质偏好 偏好指数 青海湖裸鲤 

分 类 号：S961.1[农业科学—水产养殖]