立轴冲击式破碎机物料颗粒破碎特性的试验研究  

Experimental Study on the Crushing Characteristics of Material Particles in Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher

作　　者：李松 赵丽梅[1] 吴灿辉 LI Song;ZHAO Limei;WU Canhui(School of Mechanical Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学机械工程学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《有色金属（选矿部分）》2024年第8期60-67,85,共9页Nonferrous Metals（Mineral Processing Section）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52065007)。

摘　　要：立轴冲击式破碎机中物料颗粒的破碎过程极其复杂,为了更好地量化物料颗粒的破碎行为,从而揭示破碎机的破碎机理,提出了一种基于主动冲击试验的物料颗粒破碎特性的分析方法。首先,针对目前多采用的被动冲击试验方式与物料颗粒在破碎机中的破碎方式存在差异的问题,设计并搭建了以压缩气体为动力的主动冲击破碎试验装置;其次,为探究物料颗粒在主动冲击条件下的冲击破碎特性,在断裂力学的理论基础上,以t10-Ecs模型为冲击破碎特性评价指标,建立了基于比冲击能量的物料颗粒冲击破碎模型;然后,以石灰石颗粒为研究对象,采用自主搭建的主动冲击破碎试验装置,开展了4种不同粒级的物料颗粒在不同冲击速度下的单次冲击破碎试验;最后,通过对物料颗粒破碎产物的筛分分析,深入探究了比冲击能量和颗粒初始尺寸对颗粒破碎特性的影响。研究结果表明,破碎程度指数t10随着比冲击能量Ecs增大呈负指数形式上升;破碎特性参数A×b的拟合结果表明石灰石材质的抗冲击破碎能力较弱,用于机制砂的生产时可降低生产能耗,适用于机制砂的生产;石灰石颗粒的整体易碎性随着颗粒初始尺寸的增大而降低,破碎产物中各粒度颗粒的含量随着比冲击能的增加而增加;比冲击能与颗粒初始尺寸对石灰石颗粒的破碎程度存在交互影响,颗粒初始尺寸对破碎程度的影响随着比冲击能量的降低而减小。The crushing process of material particles in a vertical shaft impact crusher is extremely complex.In order to better quantify the crushing behavior of material particles and thus reveal the crushing mechanism of the crusher,an analytical method for the crushing characteristics of material particles based on the active impact experiment is proposed.Firstly,the active impact crushing experimental setup powered by compressed gas is designed and constructed with regard to the problem of the difference between the passive impact experiment mode mostly used at present and the crushing mode of material particles in the crusher.Secondly,in order to investigate the impact crushing characteristics of material particles in the case of active impact,with the tio-Ees model as the evaluation index for impact crushing characteristics,the impact crushing model of material particles based on the specific impact energy is established on the theoretical basis of fracture mechanics.Then,with the limestone particles as the research object,the single-particle impact crushing experiments on four kinds of material particles with different grain sizes under different impact speeds are carried out by using the active impact crushing experimental setup constructed independently.Finally,the effects of specific impact energy and initial sizes of particles on particle crushing characteristics are explored in depth by sieve analysis of material particle crushing products.The results of the study show that the crushing degree index tio increases in a negative exponential manner with the increase of the specific impact energy Ees.The fitting results of crushing characteristic parameters A×b show that the impact crushing strength of limestone material is weak,which can reduce the production energy consumption when used in the production of manufactured sand,and is suitable for the production of manufactured sand.The overall friability of limestone particles decreased with the initial particle size increasing,and the content of particles of each

关 键 词：立轴冲击破碎机 冲击破碎试验 主动冲击 比冲击能量 破碎特性 

分 类 号：TD451[矿业工程—矿山机电]