四季金花茶小孢子发育及与花器官形态的相关性分析  

Correlation Analysis of Microspore Development and Floral Organ Morphology in Camellia perpetua

作　　者：喇燕菲 黄展文 刘可丹 孙明艳 卢家仕 王翊 La Yanfei;Huang Zhanwen;Liu Kedan;Sun Mingyan;Lu Jiashi;Wang Yi(Flowers Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,530007;College of Forestry,Guangxi University,Nanning,530004)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院花卉研究所,南宁530007 [2]广西大学林学院,南宁530004

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2024年第17期5787-5794,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：广西农业科学院稳定资助科研团队项目(桂农科2021YT134);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2022JM81;NCZ202211);科技先锋队‘强农富民’‘六个一’专项行动(桂农科盟202312)共同资助。

摘　　要：为了能够通过花器官的外部形态特征快速选择合适发育时期的花药进行离体培养,从而开展单倍体育种研究,本研究利用卡宝品红和DAPI荧光染色法,观察了四季金花茶小孢子四分体时期、单核早中期、单核靠边期和二胞花粉期各时期的细胞学变化,同时分析和比较了相应的花器官外部形态特征,依据花器官形态确定花粉发育时期,从而确定进行花药离体培养的最佳选蕾时期。研究表明,四季金花茶小孢子发育各时期具有明显的细胞学特征,其特征变化与花器官形态特征密切相关:花蕾纵径、花药长度在小孢子各个发育时期具有显著性差异,花药颜色由白色-奶白色-淡黄色-黄色-橙色变化明显,可将花蕾纵径、花药长度和花药颜色作为鉴定小孢子发育时期的外部形态指标。本试验所用的四季金花茶处于单核靠边期时细胞核靠近花粉萌发孔一边,此时花器官形态特征为:花蕾纵径为10.48~10.56 mm,花药长度为0.172~0.176 mm,花药为黄色。可根据此时期花器官的形态特征选择合适的花蕾开展花药离体培养研究,为成功获得单倍体植株提供基础。In order to quickly select anthers in the appropriate developmental stage for ex vivo culture through the external morphological characteristics of flower organs,so as to carry out haploid breeding research,this study used the methods of Karbo magenta and DAPI fluorescence staining to observe the cytological changes of the tetrad stage,early and mid-uninucleate,late uninucleate and tricellular pollen of Camellia perpetua,and analyzed and compared the external morphological characteristics of the corresponding flower organs,which determined the optimal buds selection period for ex vivo culture of anthers.The results showed that the microspore at different development stage of Camellia perpetua had obvious cytological characteristics,and their changes of cytological characteristics were closely related to the morphological characteristics of flower organs:the longitudinal diameter of flower buds and anther length had significant difference in each development stage of microspore,the color of anther changed significantly from white,milky-white,light yellow,yellow,to orange.So the longitudinal diameter of flower buds,anther length and anther colors could be used as external morphologic indexes to identify microspore development stage.In the study the cell nucleus of Camellia perpetua at late uninucleate microspore stage was near the pollen germination pore,and at this time the morphological characteristics of flower organs were:the longitudinal diameter of the flower buds was 10.48~10.56 mm,the anther length was 0.172~0.176 mm,and the anther was yellow.According to the morphological characteristics of flower organs in this period,appropriate flower buds could be selected to carry out anther ex vivo culture research,which provides the basis for the successful breeding of haploid plants.

关 键 词：四季金花茶 小孢子 发育时期 花器官 相关性 

分 类 号：S685.99[农业科学—观赏园艺]