2株贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对葡萄幼苗生长及土壤质量的影响  

The Effects of Two Strains of Bacillus velezensis on the Growth of Grape Seedlings and Soil Quality

作　　者：王小月 WANG Xiao-yue(Shanghai Forestry Station,Shanghai 200072)

机构地区：[1]上海市林业总站,上海200072

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第17期159-163,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：上海市绿化和市容管理局项目“微生物肥料的研究与应用”(G191208)。

摘　　要：将贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bacillus velezensis YH-18及B.velezensis YH-20分别与有机肥搅拌形成混合肥,分别应用到葡萄盆栽苗上。结果表明,2种微生物肥料均能够提高葡萄叶片的叶绿素含量。葡萄生长30 d后,YH-18、YH-20菌剂处理后叶面积较对照提高了8.75%、12.87%,叶绿素含量较对照提高了6.89%、2.23%;生长90 d后,YH-18、YH-20菌剂处理后叶面积较对照提高45.47%、30.74%,叶绿素含量较对照提高16.26%、10.76%。YH-20对葡萄霜霉病的防治效果为30.44%,YH-18菌剂处理后防治效果为19.59%。30 d时YH-20比对照土壤中水解氮、速效钾的含量偏低,可能施肥后加速了植物对养分的吸收。90 d后YH-18菌剂处理能提高土壤速效磷含量,比对照高18.15%。YH-20菌剂处理15 d后Ace指数和Shannon指数增加。2种菌剂处理30 d后Ace指数和Chao1指数显著增加。在30 d内,YH-18、YH-20、CK处理的根际土壤微生物群落的多样性和丰富度均呈下降趋势,但菌剂处理后微生物群落多样性和丰富度下降幅度远低于CK处理下降幅度。与对照相比,施用YH-18和YH-20菌剂在葡萄上,YH-18、YH-20在30 d显著富集了变形菌门、拟杆菌门,YH-20在15 d显著富集了拟杆菌门。处理15 d后,与对照相比,YH-18富集了鞘脂单孢菌属Sphingomonas;YH-20富集了假单孢菌属Pseudomonas、黄杆菌属Flavobacterium;处理30 d后,YH-18、YH-20均相对富集了鞘脂单孢菌属、黄杆菌属等。2种菌剂处理均能够提高葡萄叶片的叶面积及叶绿素含量,且对葡萄霜霉病有很好的拮抗作用。菌剂处理土壤后有效地延缓了30 d内土壤微生物群落多样性和丰富度的下降,且处理后形成了新的菌群结构,有助于促进葡萄幼苗的生长。Bacillus velezensis YH-18 and B.velezensis YH-20 was mixed with organic fertilizer to form a mixed fertilizer,which was applied to grape potted seedlings.The results indicated that both types of microbial fertilizers could increase the chlorophyll content of grape leaves.The results showed that after 30 days of grape growth,the leaf area of YH-18 and YH-20 bacterial agents increased by 8.75%and 12.87%compared to the control,and the chlorophyll content increased by 6.89%and 2.23%compared to the control;after 90 days of growth,the leaf area of YH-18 and YH-20 bacterial agents increased by 45.47%and 30.74%compared to the control,and the chlorophyll content increased by 16.26%and 10.76%compared to the control.The control effect of YH-20 on grape downy mildew was 30.44%,and the control effect of YH-18 bacterial agent treatment was 19.59%.At 30 days,the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium in YH-20 soil was lower than that in the control soil,which may have accelerated the absorption of nutrients by plants after fertilization.90 days later,YH-18 bacterial agent treatment could increase the content of soil available phosphorus,which was 18.15%higher than the control.After 15 days of treatment with YH-20 bacterial agent,the Ace index and Shannon index increased.After 30 days of treatment with two bacterial agents,the Ace index and Chao1 index significantly increased.Within 30 days,the diversity and richness of rhizosphere soil microbial communities treated with YH-18,YH-20,and CK showed a decreasing trend,but the decrease in diversity and richness of microbial communities after bacterial treatment was much lower than that of CK treatment.Compared with the control group,when YH-18 and YH-20 bacterial agents were applied to grapes,YH-18 and YH-20 significantly enriched Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes at 30 days,while YH-20 significantly enriched Bacteroidetes at 15 days.After 15 days of treatment,YH-18 enriched the Sphingomonas genus compared to the control group;YH-20 enriched Pseudomonas and Flavobacte

关 键 词：贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 葡萄幼苗 土壤养分 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S182[农业科学—农业基础科学]