老挝水稻田土壤养分状况调查与肥力评价  

Evaluation of the Topsoil Nutrient Content and Fertility of Paddy Land in Laos

作　　者：刘淑仪[1] 黄雁飞 黄玉溢 陈桂芬 唐其展[1] 刘忠[1] LIU Shuyi;HUANG Yanfei;HUANG Yuyi;CHEN Guifen;TANG Qizhan;LIU Zhong(Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(GXAAS),Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China;Agricultural Resources and Environment Research Institute,GXAAS,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院,广西南宁530007 [2]广西壮族自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2024年第6期14-19,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(No.桂农科2023ZX02,No.桂农科2023JZ02)。

摘　　要：较全面调查了解老挝水稻田土壤养分变化状况,以期为老挝水稻田科学合理施肥提供依据。采集老挝北、中、南部11个省市典型水稻主产区土壤样本40个,分析土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、锌含量和pH。老挝水稻田土壤总体呈酸性,其中97.5%水稻田土壤处在酸性和强酸性范围;土壤速效氮和有效锌含量分别为92.4~324.8、1.7~18.9 mg/kg,含量丰富;有机质和交换性镁含量分别为3.3~56.0 g/kg、3.6~184.8 mg/kg,处于中高水平;土壤有效磷、速效钾含量分别为2.1~38.7和8.8~204.5mg/kg,处于低级水平,变异性大;交换性钙含量为22.0~2 370.0 mg/kg,变异性大,含量分布不均匀。南部水稻田土壤交换性钙含量偏低,有效磷含量缺乏;中部水稻田土壤交换性镁含量偏低;北部水稻田土壤速效钾含量偏低。老挝水稻田土壤整体呈酸性和强酸性,速效钾、有效磷含量偏低,交换性钙分布不均匀,是当前老挝水稻田土壤存在的主要养分问题;不同水稻生态种植区土壤养分含量差异较大。建议施用石灰和碱性肥料以提高土壤pH,分不同种植区有针对性地增施钙镁磷肥、钾肥等化学肥料,重视有机肥的施用。A more comprehensive survey was conducted to understand the changes in soil nutrients in rice fields in Laos and to provide a basis for scientific and rational fertilization of rice fields in Laos.Forty soil samples were collected from 11 provinces and cities in northern,central,and southern Laos in typical rice-producing areas and analyzed for organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,magnesium,zinc,and pH.The organic matter and exchangeable magnesium con-tents ranged from 3.3 to 56.0 g/kg and 3.6 to 184.8 mg×kg‒1,respectively,which were in the middle to high levels;the soil effective phosphorus and quick-acting potassium contents ranged from 2.1 to 38.7 and 8.8 to 204.5 mg×kg‒1,respectively,which were low with high variability;the exchangeable calcium content ranged from 22.0 to 2370.0 mg×kg‒1,with high vari-ability;and the content distribution was not uniform.The exchangeable calcium content of the southern rice field soil was low,and the effective phosphorus content was low;the exchangeable magnesium content of the central rice field soil was low,and the quick-acting potassium content of the northern rice field soil was low.The overall acidity and strong acidity of Lao paddy soils,the low content of quick-acting potassium and effective phosphorus,and the uneven distribution of exchangeable cal-cium are the main nutrient problems in Lao paddy soils at present;the soil nutrient content varies greatly in different rice eco-logical planting areas.Lime and alkaline fertilizers should be applied to increase the soil pH;chemical fertilizers such as cal-cium,magnesium,phosphorus,and potash fertilizers should be increased in different planting areas;and organic fertilizer applications should be considered.

关 键 词：老挝 水稻田 土壤养分 调查 肥力评价 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S154