不同施肥处理对当归土壤养分变化的影响  

Effects of different fertilizers on soil nutrient changes in Angelica sinensis

作　　者：李金娟[1] 冯玉喜 白彦霞 丁耀录 王爱军 栗孟飞[3] LI Jinjuan;FENG Yuxi;BAI Yanxia;DING Yaolu;WANG Aijun;LI Mengfei(Institute of Livestock Grass and Green Agriculture,Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Tech‐nology,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Agricultural Technology Promotion Station of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Hezuo 747000,China;State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所,农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘南藏族自治州农业技术推广站,甘肃合作747000 [3]干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第4期137-145,153,共10页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划项目(21JR7RA731);甘南藏族自治州科学技术科技计划项目(2020-2-05);国家自然科学基金项目(32160083);干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室主任基金项目(GSCS-2021-Z03);道地药材生态种植与质量保障项目(202103003)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同施肥处理对当归土壤养分变化的影响,为当归合理施肥和生态种植提供科学依据和重要参考。【方法】在化肥、生物菌肥和有机肥的基础上设置7个不同处理[T1(磷酸二铵750 kg/hm^(2))、T2(生物菌肥2250 kg/hm^(2))、T3(生物菌肥2250 kg/hm^(2)+有机肥6000 kg/hm^(2))、T4(有机肥12000 kg/hm^(2))、T5(有机肥18000 kg/hm^(2))、T6(有机肥24000 kg/hm^(2))和T7(有机肥30000 kg/hm^(2))],以不施肥为对照(CK),收获期测定当归种植后土壤养分(全N、全P、全K、速效N、有效P、速效K、有机质和pH值)的变化。【结果】不同施肥处理对当归种植后土壤养分变化具有显著影响。不施肥CK处理下碱解N、有效P、全K和速效K分别降低66.5%、63.1%、0.85%、12.3%;T1处理有机质降低17.6%,但不利于N、P和K吸收;T2处理全N、全K、速效K和有机质分别降低17.3%、4.98%、52.1%、5.29%,但不利于全P和有效P吸收;T3处理全N、全P、有效P、速效K和有机质分别降低17.5%、11.5%、60.4%、7.16%、14.8%;随着单一有机肥施用量增加(T4~T7),整体呈现全N和碱解N降低量减少,而全P、有效P、全K、速效K和有机质显著降低。CK、T4~T7处理pH值增加,而T1~T3处理降低。【结论】T3处理(生物菌肥2250 kg/hm^(2)+有机肥6000 kg/hm^(2))最有利于当归对土壤养分的吸收利用,可以在种植栽培中推广应用。【Objective】To elucidate the effect of different fertilizers on soil nutrients and uptake of An⁃gelica sinensis,and to provide a scientific basis and important reference for rational fertilization and ecological planting of A.sinensis.【Method】Seven different fertilizers[T1(diammonium phosphate 750 kg/hm^(2)),T2(bacterial manure 2250 kg/hm^(2)),T3(bacterial manure 2250 kg/hm^(2)+organic fertilizer 6000 kg/hm^(2)),T4(organic fertilizer 12000 kg/hm^(2)),T5(organic fertilizer 18000 kg/hm^(2)),T6(organic fertilizer 24000 kg/hm^(2))and T7(organic fertilizer 30000 kg/hm^(2))]were designed on the basis of chemical fertilizer,bacterial manure and organic fertilizer without fertilization as the control(CK)and the soil nutrients(total N,P and K,alkali-hydro N,available P and K,soil organic matter and pH value)were determined at the harvest stage.【Result】There were significant effects of different fertilizers on soil nutrient changes of A.sinen⁃sis.The alkali-hydro N,available P,total K and available K decreased by 66.5%,63.1%,0.85%and 12.3%respectively under the CK.The soil organic matter decreased by 17.6%while the N,P and K were opposite under T1 treatment.The total N and K,available K and soil organic matter decreased by 17.3%,4.98%,52.1%and 5.29%respectively while the P was opposite under T2 treatment.The total N and P,available P and K,and soil organic matter decreased by 17.5%,11.5%,60.4%,7.16%and 14.8%under the T3 treatment,respectively.In general,the uptake of total N and alkali-hydro N were significantly decreased,while the uptake of total P and K,available P and K,and soil organic matter were significantly increased with the increase of organic fertilizer application(T4 to T7).The pH value increased in the CK,T4 to T7 treatments,while it decreased in the T1 to T3 treatments.【Conclusion】The T3 treatment(bacterial manure 2250 kg/hm^(2)+organic fertilizer 6000 kg/hm^(2))is the most favorable for to the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients by A.sinensis,which can be promoted and applied in t

关 键 词：当归 化肥 生物菌肥 有机肥 合理施肥 养分变化 

分 类 号：S151.95[农业科学—土壤学]