资源环境约束下中国水稻生产效率及提升路径  

Efficiency and improvement path of rice production in Chinaunder resource and environmental constraints

作　　者：徐静[1,2] 熊世豪 张倩 XU Jing;XIONG Shihao;ZHANG Qian(Business School,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127,China;Jiangsu Modern Logistics Research Base,Yangzhou 225127,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学商学院,扬州225127 [2]江苏现代物流研究基地,扬州225127

出　　处：《资源科学》2024年第7期1330-1345,共16页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72103178,72373129);扬州大学商学院研究生创新项目(SXYYJSKC202317);扬州大学“高端人才支持计划”资助项目。

摘　　要：【目的】在水稻产业高质量发展的背景下,分析资源环境约束下中国水稻生产效率的时空演变趋势和差异,对未来探寻水稻生产效率提升、促进水稻绿色可持续发展具有重要价值。【方法】本文基于2009—2021年中国水稻投入产出面板数据,基于超效率SBM(Slacks-based Measure)模型的窗口DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis)和模糊集定性比较分析方法,研究了在资源环境约束下考虑气候和污染排放的水稻生产效率及提升路径。【结果】①全国各类型水稻的生产效率总体处于较高水平,其中粳稻(1.0089)>早籼稻(1.0065)>中籼稻(0.9769)>晚籼稻(0.9380),早、中、晚和粳稻历年生产效率均值达到相对有效的比例分别为77.78%、76.92%、67.13%、58.12%。除此之外,各类型水稻的年均碳排放量呈倒“U”型变化趋势,且氮磷污染指数常年居高不下;②总体上,中国六大水稻稻作区生产效率区域差异显著,华中、西北和西南稻作区水稻生产效率均值高于全国平均水平,东北和华南稻作区生产效率均值低于全国平均水平,华北稻作区中籼稻生产效率均值高于全国平均水平而粳稻生产效率均值低于全国平均水平;③从组态视角进一步探索,找到了6种提升生产效率的组态,并归纳得到3条提升水稻生产效率的主要路径:技术服务型、市场驱动型和人才引领型。【结论】加大源污染防治力度、发挥高效稻作区优势和提供高水平的农业技术服务等是提高水稻生产效率的重要路径。[Objective]In the context of high-quality development of the rice industry,analyzing the spatial and temporal trends and differences in rice production efficiency in China under resource and environmental constraints is of great value in exploring the improvement of rice production efficiency in the future and promoting the green and sustainable development of rice production.[Methods]Drawing on China’s comprehensive rice input-output panel data from 2009 to 2021,and using the window DEA analysis method based on the super efficiency SBM model and the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method,this study examine the rice production efficiency and improvement path considering climate and pollution emission under resource and environmental constraints.[Results]The research showed that:(1)Rice production efficiency across the nation was generally at a commendably high level.Round-grained rice demonstrated the highest efficiency(1.0089),followed by rearly indica rice(1.0065),medium indica rice(0.9769),and late indica rice(0.9380),and the proportion of early,medium,late indica rice and roundgrained rice with relatively efficient average productivity was 77.78%,76.92%,67.13%,and 58.12%of all years,respectively.The average annual carbon emissions from rice production showed an inverted U-shaped trend.Concomitantly,the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution index of rice production remained conspicuously high.(2)Overall,regional differences in production efficiency were significant across China’s six principal rice paddy regions.The average value of rice production efficiency in central,northwestern and southwestern rice paddy region is higher than the national average,that in northeastern and southern rice paddy region is lower than the national average,and that in northern rice paddy region is higher than the national average for medium indica rice and lower than the national average for round-grained rice.(3)From the perspective of grouping patterns,six paths to improve production efficiency were found,and the th

关 键 词：资源环境约束 水稻 生产效率 模糊集定性比较分析 中国 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济] F224