小麦大、小粒材料的细胞学鉴定及其粒重相关基因表达研究  

Cytological Identification of Large and Small Grain Materials and Expression of Grain Weight Related Genes in Wheat

作　　者：徐晓艺 汪晓璐 韩冉[2] 马朋涛 徐文竞 刘成[2] Xu Xiaoyi;Wang Xiaolu;Han Ran;Ma Pengtao;Xu Wenjing;Liu Cheng(College of Life Sciences,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China;Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding/National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in the North Huang-Huai Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Wheat Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264005 [2]山东省农业科学院作物研究所/小麦玉米国家工程研究中心/小麦育种全国重点实验室/农业农村部黄淮北部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/山东省小麦技术创新中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第8期10-15,36,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021QC198,ZR2020MC098);山东省重点研发计划项目(2022LZG002)。

摘　　要：籽粒大小是影响小麦产量的重要农艺性状,开展控制籽粒大小相关基因的筛选鉴定和表达研究对小麦高产育种具有借鉴意义。本研究利用染色体计数和荧光原位杂交(FISH)的方法对15份大粒材料(千粒重高于50 g)和15份小粒材料(千粒重低于21 g)进行鉴定,结果显示,京5044、京5085、藏1783、黑72-0484、LJ15鉴010共5份大粒材料的染色体条数为28,为四倍体小麦;其余材料染色体条数均为42,为六倍体小麦。选取六倍体的大粒和小粒材料各3份作为试验材料,用水稻和拟南芥的64个粒重相关基因在小麦基因组中筛选同源基因,对其进行qRT-PCR分析,选出6个在大、小粒材料中表达量存在显著差异的基因进行对比分析。结果表明,基因RiGSK2、RiGW8和RiGGC2在大粒材料HR2015-1-1-2-9中表达量较高,RiGS3和RiD11在小粒材料红秃头3中表达量较高,ArTTG2在3份小粒材料中表达量均较高,推测这6个基因可能是控制小麦粒重的关键基因,在后续研究中将进一步验证它们对小麦产量的贡献。Grain size is an important agronomic trait affecting wheat yield.Therefore,it is of great significance for wheat breeding to do research on identification and expression of genes related to grain size.In this study,15 large-grain materials(1000-grain weight over 50 g)and 15 small-grain materials(1000-grain weight below 21 g)were identified by chromosome counting and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH).The results showed that the chromosome number of 5 large grain materials,those were Jing 5044,Jing 5085,Zang 1783,Hei 72-0484 and LJ15 Jian 010,was 28,which were tetraploid germplasms.All the rest materials had 42 chromosomes and were hexaploid germplasms.Three large-grain and three small-grain hexaploid materials were selected as research materials,and the homologous genes were screened out in wheat genome by comparing to 64 genes controlling grain weight in rice and Arabidopsis,which were then analyzed by qRTPCR.Six genes expressed significantly differently in large-grain and small-grain materials were selected for comparative analysis.The results showed that RiGSK2,RiGW8 and RiGGC2 were highly expressed in the largegrain material of HR2015-1-1-2-9,RiGS3 and RiD11 were highly expressed in the small-grain material of Hongtutou 3,and ArTTG2 was highly expressed in all the three small-grain materials.The six genes above were speculated to be key genes controlling grain weight of wheat,and their contribution to wheat yield would be verified in the further research.

关 键 词：小麦 籽粒大小 荧光原位杂交(FISH) 粒重相关基因 表达分析 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] Q786[生物学—分子生物学]