株行距配置对冬小麦冠层结构、光环境及产量的影响  

Effects of Plant and Row Spacing Configuration on Canopy Structure,Light Environment and Yield of Winter Wheat

作　　者：张颖[1] 王超 骆永丽 Zhang Ying;Wang Chao;Luo Yongli(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding,Taian 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/小麦育种全国重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第8期37-43,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(ZR2020QC106)。

摘　　要：为明确株行距配置对冬小麦冠层光环境及产量的影响,本试验在大田条件下,以山农28作为供试品种,研究两个密度即150万hm^(-2)(D1)和225万hm^(-2)(D2)和3个行距即10 cm(R1)、15 cm(R2)、20 cm(R3)组配的6个株行距配置处理对小麦叶面积指数、叶倾角、叶片叶绿素含量、冠层光合有效辐射、群体光合速率、产量及其构成因素的影响,旨在优化冬小麦株行距配置,提高单产。结果表明,D1密度下小麦生育前期容易形成良好的冠层光环境,有助于营养物质积累,为高产打下基础;相同行距下开花期小麦群体的光合速率表现为D1>D2,说明D1密度有助于叶片中营养物质积累和向籽粒转移;D2密度下小麦生育后期的冠层光环境优于D1,有助于叶片营养物质的持续供应;R1行距下冠层光环境明显优于R2和R3,能够吸收更多的光能,光合作用能力更强。密度和行距二者互作对小麦产量及其构成因素的作用表现为:D1R1>D1R2>D1R3>D2R1>D2R2>D3R3。综上,调整株行距配置是提高冬小麦产量潜力的重要途径,D1R1株行距配置更有助于形成良好的冠层光环境,能够获得最高产量,为最佳株行距配置方式。In order to clarify the effects of plant and row spacing configuration on canopy light environment and yield of winter wheat,the experiment was conducted under field conditions using Shannong 28 as test variety.Two densities of 1.5 million plants per hectare(D1)and 2.25 million plants per hectare(D2)and three row spacings of 10 cm(R1),15 cm(R2)and 20 cm(R3)were set to form 6 treatments,and their effects on wheat leaf area index,leaf inclination,leaf chlorophyll content,canopy photosynthesis effective radiation,population photosynthesis rate,yield and its components were studied in order to optimize the plant and row spacing configuration of winter wheat and increase yield per unit area.The results showed that under D1 treatment,wheat tended to form a good canopy light environment at early stage of growth,which was conducive to the accumulation of nutrients and laid a high yield foundation;the photosynthetic rate of wheat population at anthesis stage showed D1>D2 under the same row spacing,which contributed to the nutrient accumulation in leaves and transfered to grains.The canopy light environment under D2 treatment at later stage was better than that under D1 treatment,contributing to the continuous supply of leaf nutrients.The canopy light environment under R1 treatment was significantly better than that under R2 and R3 treatments,so that the wheat population could absorb more light energy and had stronger photosynthesis ability.The interaction of density and row spacing on wheat yield and its components showed D1R1>D1R2>D1R3>D2R1>D2R2>D3R3.In conclusion,adjusting plant and row spacing configuration was an important way to improve yield potential of winter wheat.D1R1 treatment was more conducive to forming good canopy light environment,and the highest yield could be obtained,so it was the best plant and row spacing configuration method.

关 键 词：冬小麦 种植密度 行距 冠层光环境 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]