不同生育时期去叶对棉花生长发育及产量的影响  

Effects of Defoliation at Different Growth Stages on Growth,Development and Yield of Cotton

作　　者：李文君 王冀川[1] 吴冰容 万亚楠 Li Wenjun;Wang Jichuan;Wu Bingrong;Wan Yanan(College of Agriculture,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第8期56-61,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团科技创新人才计划项目“小海子垦区机采棉植保无人机飞喷防控技术创新与示范”(2021CB054);第三师图木舒克市科技成果转化项目“基于物联网的棉花水肥一体化智慧管理系统示范”(KJ2022CG07);塔里木大学校长基金-乡村振兴项目“棉花水肥智慧管理与无人机调控技术基层与示范”(TDZXZX202305)。

摘　　要：为探明冰雹损伤叶片对棉花生长及结铃的影响,本研究开展主区为不同生育时期(孕蕾期、盛蕾期和花铃期)、副区为不同人工去叶强度(去叶0、25%、50%、75%和100%)的两因素裂区田间试验,研究模拟雹灾叶损对棉花农艺性状、干物质积累及产量构成的影响。结果表明,损伤叶片会影响棉花株高、果枝数及生物量,最终影响棉花产量。随着去叶时期后移及强度的增加,棉花株高呈下降趋势,D_(4)处理(去叶100%)各时期平均株高较CK(不去叶)、D_(1)(去叶25%)、D_(2)(去叶50%)、D_(3)(去叶75%)分别降低19.80%、13.67%、14.19%、8.00%,D_(1)、D_(2)、D_(3)、D_(4)平均果枝数较CK分别降低14.61%、25.29%、30.65%、46.66%。去叶对果枝数的影响高于对株高的影响。不同时期去叶对“库”的影响大小为花铃期>盛蕾期>孕蕾期,且去叶强度越大,对“库”的影响越大。盛蕾期去叶50%处理的蕾花铃干物质量、单株结铃数、产量分别较CK增加12.46%、14.99%、6.39%,产生了超补偿现象。综上可知,棉花叶片受损后,根据实际情况进行补救,也可获得相应产量,减少经济损失。该结论可为雹灾棉田栽培管理提供理论依据和数据支持。To investigate the impact of hail induced leaf damage on cotton growth and boll characteristics,a two-factor split-plot experiment was conducted in field with different growth stages(embryonic stage,full bud stage,and flowering and boll stage)for main plots and different artificial defoliation intensities(0,25%,50%,75% and 100%)for subplots.The impact of simulated hail induced leaf damage on agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation and yield components of cotton were analyzed.The results showed that leaf damage affected cotton plant height,number of fruiting branches and biomass,and ultimately affected cotton yield.As the backward of defoliation time and the enhance of defoliation intensity,the plant height of cotton tended to decrease.The average plant height in D_(4) treatment(defoliation 100%)was 19.80%,13.67%,14.19% and 8.00% lower than that in CK(no defoliation),D_(1)(defoliation 25%),D_(2)(defoliation 50%)and D_(3)(defoliation 75%)treatments,respectively,and the mean number of fruiting branches in D_(1),D_(2),D_(3) and D_(4) treatments were reduced by 14.61%,25.29%,30.65% and 46.66%,respectively,compared to CK.The effect of defoliation on number of fruiting branches was higher than that on plant height.The effects of removing leaf sources at different stage on the“sink”of cotton were sequenced as flowering and boll stage>full bud stage>embryonic stage,and the greater the leaf defoliation intensity was,the greater the impact on the“sink”was.After defoliation 50% at full bud stage,the bud-flower-boll dry matter,boll number per plant and yield increased 12.46%,14.99% and 6.39%,respectively,resulting in an overcompensation phenomenon.In summary,taking appropriate remedial action according to the actual damaging situation of cotton leaves could obtain corresponding yield and thus reduce economic losses.The conclusion could provide the theoretical basis and data support for cultivation management of hail-damaged cotton.

关 键 词：棉花 去叶 生育时期 农艺性状 干物质积累 产量 

分 类 号：Q781[生物学—分子生物学]