具有腐熟剂喷施装置的香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机的设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of a Banana Straw Crushing and Returning Machine with Rotting Agent Spraying Device

作　　者：高阳 李粤[1,2] 位士全 黄椿 吴紫晗 魏晨辉 黄麒润 GAO Yang;LI Yue;WEI Shiquan;HUANG Chun;WU Zihan;WEI Chenhui;HUANG Qirun(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology,Haikou 571126,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学机电工程学院,海口570228 [2]海南科技职业大学机电工程学院,海口571126

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2024年第9期93-104,共12页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：海南省重点实验室和工程技术研究中心建设专项(HD-YSZX-202103)。

摘　　要：针对目前香蕉秸秆粉碎效果不佳、能耗高、粉碎后秸秆腐化速度慢及腐熟程度低等问题,设计一款具有腐熟剂喷施装置的香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机。设计了直式异形甩刀,刀辊的排列方式为对称单螺旋排列,粉碎刀轴转速范围为1500~1860 r·min^(-1),喷施装置选用容积为180 L的药箱和喷射角为90°的扇形喷头,单喷头流量为0.8 L·min^(-1),4个喷头分别间隔370 mm固定于药杆。以机器前进速度和刀辊转速为自变量,以秸秆粉碎合格率和抛撒不均匀度为应变量进行二因素三水平的田间试验和进行对比试验。试验结果表明,机器前进速度为1.4 m·s^(-1),刀辊转速为1860 r·min^(-1),此时香蕉秸秆粉碎合格率为93.08%,抛撒不均匀度为12.11%。实现了香蕉秸秆粉碎与腐熟的联合作业,相较于前代机具,不仅提升了秸秆的粉碎效果,还促进了秸秆有机质的分解,为后续香蕉秸秆腐熟还田机的研究提供技术参考。Aiming at the current problems of poor crushing effect,high energy consumption,slow decomposition speed and low degree of decomposition of banana straw after crushing etc.,a banana straw crushing and returning machine with rotting agent spraying device was designed.The straight shaped knife was optimized,the arrangement of knife roller was symmetrical single helix arrangement,the crushing knife axle rotational speed range was 1500~1860 r·min^(-1),the spraying device selected 180 L tank and fan nozzle with spray angle of 90°,single nozzle flow rate was 0.8 L·min^(-1),and 4 nozzles were fixed to the drug pole at 370 mm intervals.A two-factor,three-level field test and a comparative test was conducted with the forward speed of the machine and the rotational speed of the knife roller as independent variables,and the qualified rate of straw crushing and unevenness of spreading as dependent variables.The results showed that the machine forward speed was 1.4 m·s^(-1)and the knife roller rotational speed was 1860 r·min^(-1),and the qualified rate of banana straw crushing was 93.08%and the unevenness of spreading was 12.11%.This device realized the joint operation of banana straw crushing and rotting,which not only improved the crushing effect of straw but also promoted the decomposition of straw organic matter compared with the previous generation of machines,and provided technical references for the research of the subsequent banana straw rotting and field returning machine.

关 键 词：农业机械 香蕉秸秆 秸秆粉碎 秸秆腐熟 田间试验 异形甩刀 

分 类 号：S224.29[农业科学—农业机械化工程]