夹缝求生:矛盾视角下非体面工作从业者矛盾职业认同动态演化过程研究  

Running with Scissors:A Study on the Dynamic Evolu-tionary Process of Ambivalent Occupational Identifica-tion of Non-decent Workers

作　　者：王红丽[1] 李振 徐光毅[2] 郭子生 刘善仕[1] Wang Hongli;Li Zhen;Xu Guangyi;Guo Zisheng;Liu Shanshi(School of Business Administration,South China University of Technology;College of Economics and Management,South China Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学工商管理学院 [2]华南农业大学经济管理学院 [3]华南理工大学中小企业发展研究咨询中心

出　　处：《南开管理评论》2024年第5期78-88,128,共12页Nankai Business Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72372045、72172047);中央高校基本科研业务费项目跨学科青年团队项目(QNTD202303)资助。

摘　　要：在长期的社会实践中,部分职业被公众“污名化”,致使从业者对自身工作角色持有矛盾心理。本文对广东、湖北、江西省17家医院、福利院、养老院的50名护工和14位相关管理人员进行多次实地跟踪访谈,借助扎根理论方法做出以下发现:(1)护工群体经历“矛盾职业认同被动期→矛盾职业认同震荡期→矛盾职业认同主动期”3个阶段,最终实现与矛盾和谐共生;(2)被动期护工采取污名回避与抵抗、认命以及离职等适应不良策略,震荡期护工同时采取适应性(意义重塑、自我提升、心理资源自构)和适应不良策略(分离、成为黑陪),主动期护工则采取接受、环境建构、角色延伸等适应性策略;(3)护工矛盾职业认同潜在矛盾张力来自个体、组织和职业三个层面。尽管生存需求、公司压榨和职业污名这三类“压倒性”张力在客观上难以消除,但护工主观上收获权力感、意义感、胜任感等可有效缓解客观性矛盾张力;(4)医院、老乡圈子以及护工的个性特征是推动矛盾职业认同演进的重要动力。本文通过探讨护工矛盾职业认同演进、不同阶段应对策略及其矛盾张力变化,不仅揭示了护工矛盾职业认同动态演化规律,也为完善底层工作群体管理提供了实践启示。Occupations are a product of the social division of labor,and there should be no distinction between high and low occupations that are beneficial to human society.However,some occupations have been questioned because they run counter to society’s standards of cleanliness.Despite the important social value of such occupations,the tarnished image in the eyes of the public poses a serious identity threat to workers.They commonly face the questioning of“how can you do this kind of job”from the dominant values of society,which not only affects their physical and mental health,but also contributes to the inefficient functioning of organizations.Therefore,it is of great academic value and practical significance to explore in depth the issue of the identity of non-decent workers and to help and guide them to build a dignified occupational identity.The long-standing academic controversy over the study of occupational identification and disidentification among non-decent workers,implying that their occupational identity states can be extremely complex,and that it is difficult to be at either end of a conscious choice of identification or disidentification.Non-decent workers are more or less ambivalent about their occupations,and this state of identification with both identification and disidentification is known as ambivalent occupational identification.However,most of the current research on the ambivalent occupational identification of non-decent workers stops at revealing the phenomenon and does not examine in depth the dynamic evolution process of the ambivalent occupational identification of non-decent workers,and it is not yet clear about the characteristics of the stage of the non-decent workers’ambivalent occupational identification,their coping strategies,the inherent tensions,and the dynamics of the evolution of the non-decent workers’ambivalent occupational identification.This study takes hospital caregivers as the research object,based on the perspective of ambivalent occupational identification,in or

关 键 词：非体面工作 职业污名 矛盾职业认同 护工 动态演化 

分 类 号：F719[经济管理—产业经济] F272.92