氨氢融合零碳内燃机燃烧过程综述  

Overview of the combustion of ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engines

作　　者：王志[1,2] 齐运亮[1,2] 陈清楚 李骏[1,2] WANG Zhi;QI Yunliang;CHEN Qingchu;LI Jun(School of Vehicle and Mobility,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学车辆与运载学院,北京100084 [2]清华大学智能绿色车辆与交通全国重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《汽车安全与节能学报》2024年第4期443-466,共24页Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(T2241003,T2341002)。

摘　　要：随着中国“碳达峰”与“碳中和”目标的提出,内燃机低碳化、零碳化势在必行。氨作为零碳燃料和氢的高能量密度载体,是实现碳中和有潜力的替代燃料。研发氨氢燃烧技术,实现氨高效清洁融合燃料零碳大功率内燃机高效近零排放对全球气候治理具有重大意义。该文在分析氨作为未来绿色能源的潜力及其在内燃机中实际应用的基础上,从氨氢内燃机的燃烧模式、氨氢燃料的燃烧化学反应动力学、氨氢燃料供给方式等方面综述了氨氢内燃机的燃烧的最新进展,对比分析了火花点燃/均质压燃/射流引燃3种燃烧模式、氨气道喷射/液氨缸内直喷2种燃料供给方式、主动射流/被动射流2种点火方式,提出并论述了基于氨在线裂解制氢实现基于单一液氨燃料油箱的氨氢融合燃烧,是内燃机实现碳中和的极具潜力的技术路线,指出了氨氢内燃机喷雾、燃烧和氮基排放控制三方面需要解决的关键技术和科学问题。研究表明:氨氢融合内燃机采用微量氢气(小于3%)引燃氨混合气,可以获得稳定燃烧和高热效率,并拓展稀然极限。氨氢融合零碳大功率内燃机作为氨燃料高效可靠的应用载体,在重型车辆、工程机械、远洋船舶、发电等多个领域具备广泛的应用潜力与价值,氨氢内燃机的研发可推动基础燃烧理论的进步,也可以促进中国内燃机产业迈上新的台阶。With the introduction of Chinese goals of“carbon peak”and“carbon neutrality”,the low-carbon and zero-carbon transition of internal combustion engines is imperative.Ammonia,as a zero-carbon fuel and a high-energy-density carrier for hydrogen,is a promising alternative fuel for achieving carbon neutrality in the near to mid-term.Developing ammonia-hydrogen combustion technology for high-power,zero-carbon internal combustion engines is of significant importance for global climate governance.This paper analyzes the potential of ammonia as a future green energy source and its practical applications in internal combustion engines.It reviews the latest advancements in ammonia-hydrogen engine combustion from the aspects of combustion modes,reaction kinetics of ammonia-hydrogen fuel,and fuel supply methods,comparing three combustion modes(spark ignition/homogeneous compression ignition/jet ignition),two ammonia supply methods(gaseous port injection/liquid ammonia direct injection),and two jet ignition methods(active/passive).A promising technology of ammonia-hydrogen synergy combustion based on online ammonia cracking to produce hydrogen from a single liquid ammonia fuel tank is proposed and discussed.Key technical and scientific issues to be addressed in spray,combustion,and nitrogen-based emission control are also pointed out.Research indicates that using a small amount of hydrogen(less than 3%)to ignite ammonia-air mixtures in ammonia-hydrogen engines can achieve stable combustion and high thermal efficiency while extending the lean limit.Ammonia-hydrogen synergy zero-carbon high-power internal combustion engines,as efficient and reliable application carriers for ammonia fuel,have broad application potential and value in heavy-duty vehicles,construction machinery,ocean-going vessels,and power generation.The development of ammonia-hydrogen engines can advance fundamental combustion theory and revitalize China's internal combustion engine industry.

关 键 词：氨氢融合 零碳内燃机 燃烧模式 燃烧化学反应动力学 

分 类 号：TK467.14[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]