西藏大学生身体形象满意度与焦虑症状的纵向关系:饮食失调的中介作用和正念的调节作用  

Longitudinal relationship between body image satisfaction and anxiety symptoms among Tibetan college students:the mediating role of disordered eating and moderating role of mindfulness

作　　者：毋瑞朋 光紫萱 牛琼 郑春玉 解雨鑫 曲柄衡 童晓鹏 WU Ruipeng;GUANG Zixuan;NIU Qiong;ZHENG Chunyu;XIE Yuxin;QU Bingheng;TONG Xiaopeng(Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Xizang Autonomous Region,School of Medicine of Xizang Minzu University,Xianyang 712082;Clinical Medical Research Center for Plateau Gastroenterological Disease of Xizang Autonomous Region,School of Medicine of Xizang Minzu University,Xianyang 712082;Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health of Southeast University,Nanjing 210009,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏民族大学医学部/西藏高原相关疾病分子机制与干预研究重点实验室,陕西咸阳712082 [2]西藏民族大学医学院/西藏自治区高原胃肠病临床医学研究中心,陕西咸阳712082 [3]东南大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报（医学版）》2024年第5期872-878,F0003,共8页Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University（Medical Sciences）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.81560732);陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(No.22JK0205);西藏自治区自然科学基金项目(No.XZ202201ZR0055G)。

摘　　要：目的探讨大学生饮食失调在身体形象满意度与焦虑症状关系中的中介作用,并进一步考察正念对这一中介路径的调节作用。方法通过方便抽样方法,于2021年9月至12月对西藏两所大学的大一、大二本科生进行基线和随访调查。采用广泛焦虑症状量表、多维度身体自我关系问卷身体形象满意度分量表、饮食态度检测量表以及正念注意意识量表进行测量。使用SPSS 23.0软件进行数据分析,包括Pearson相关分析、中介(模型4)和调节(模型58)效应分析。结果共2993名学生参与了基线和随访调查,其中男生1007名(34.3%),藏族及其他少数民族1666名(56.8%),平均年龄为(19.8±1.3)岁。身体形象满意度显著预测焦虑症状,且此关系部分通过饮食失调的中介效应得以实现。正念的存在调节了身体形象满意度对饮食失调及饮食失调对焦虑症状的影响,显示出在不同正念水平下这些关系的强度有所不同。结论本研究表明身体形象满意度能显著预测焦虑症状,且饮食失调在此关系中起到中介作用。正念的调节作用进一步揭示了高正念水平学生的饮食失调较少受到身体形象不满的影响。针对大学生的心理健康干预中,应考虑包括身体形象和饮食行为的管理以及正念训练。Objective To explore the mediating role of eating disorders in the relationship between body image satisfaction and anxiety symptoms among college students,and further examine the moderating effect of mindfulness on this mediating pathway.Methods By using convenience sampling,we conducted baseline and follow-up surveys among freshmen and sophomores at two universities in Xizang Autonomous Region from September to December 2021.Measurements included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale,the body image satisfaction subscale of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire,the Eating Attitudes Test,and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale.Data analyses performed using SPSS 23.0 included Pearson correlation analysis,mediation(model 4),and moderation(model 58)effect analysis.Results A total of 2993 students participated in both the baseline and follow-up surveys,including 1007 males(34.3%)and 1,666 Tibetan and other ethnic minorities(56.8%),with an average age of 19.8(SD=1.3)years.Body image satisfaction significantly predicted anxiety symptoms,and this relationship was partially mediated by disordered eating.The presence of mindfulness moderated the impact of body image satisfaction on disordered eating and the influence of disordered eating on anxiety symptoms,indicating varying strengths of these relationships at different levels of mindfulness.Conclusion This study demonstrates that body image satisfaction can significantly predict anxiety symptoms,with disordered eating playing a mediating role in this relationship.The moderating effect of mindfulness further reveals that students with high levels of mindfulness are less likely to experience eating disorders influenced by body image dissatisfaction.Interventions for college students’mental health should consider including management of body image and eating behaviors,as well as mindfulness training.

关 键 词：焦虑 身体满意度 饮食失调 正念注意力 中介作用 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]