协商式司法民主理念下的陪审制适用  

On the Application of Lay Assessor System under the Idea of Deliberative Judicial Democracy

作　　者：樊传明 FAN Chuanming

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院,上海200240

出　　处：《政治与法律》2024年第9期2-19,共18页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“人民陪审员参审事实问题的证据裁判规则研究”(项目编号:18CFX037)的研究成果。

摘　　要：陪审制在其良好状态下,不仅以富有民主意蕴的方式裁决个案,而且将诉讼作为制度入口,让民众以具有约束力的方式参与某些议题的公共治理。按照协商式理念完善和适用人民陪审员制度,是在司法场域践行“全过程人民民主”的重要路径。首先,应当由相当数量的陪审员组成决策小团体,其成员具有典型性意义上的代表性,接近“普遍听众”角色,引入多样化的决策智识资源。其次,注重投票表决前的论辩与评议过程,让相应的规则设置满足正当性要求,程序法和证据法致力于塑造“理想言谈情境”。最后,强调表决规则的高度一致性,寻求具有最大可接受性的方案。人民陪审制的规范文本和运行实践表明了与协商式民主理念的总体契合性,但也显示出诸多偏离。应当尊重既有立法,考量司法实践可行性,按照协商式民主理念调整人民陪审制的适用。In its good state,the lay assessor system does not only enable individual cases to be decided in a democratic way,but also allows the public to participate in the public governance of some issues with binding force by taking litigation as a channel.To improve and apply the system of people's assessors according to the idea of deliberation is an important way to practice the"whole process of people's democracy"in the judicial field.Firstly,it is necessary to let a considerable number of assessors form the decision-making group,the members of which are representatives in a typical sense,close to the role of"general audience",and thus introducing diversified decision-making and intellectual resources.Secondly,it is important to pay attention to the process of debate and discussion before voting to ensure that the corresponding rules are formulated subject to the requirements of legitimacy,and procedural law and evidence law are committed to shaping the"ideal speech situation".Finally,it is advisable to emphasize the high consistency of the voting rules and seek a plan with maximum acceptability.The letter of norms and operational practice of people's participation in the trail as assessors show not only its general compatibility with the idea of deliberative democracy,but also many deviations.It is necessary to honor the existing legislation,consider the feasibility in judicial practice,and adjust the application of the people's assessors system according to the idea of deliberative democracy.

关 键 词：全过程人民民主 协商式民主 陪审制 大合议庭 

分 类 号：DF8[政治法律—法学]