共保协议的反垄断豁免  

Antitrust Exemption for Coinsurance Agreement

作　　者：武亦文[1] WU Yiwen

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430071

出　　处：《政治与法律》2024年第9期20-34,共15页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：共保协议具有固定价格型横向垄断协议的外观,其“统一承保、统一分配保费收入”及“统一保险合同”等约定也具备竞争损害效果,原则上应被视为垄断协议予以禁止,但由于保险共保体模式在分散特定风险方面不可替代的优势,其在一定条件下符合反垄断豁免要求。若要获得反垄断豁免,共保协议需满足承保的风险只能通过共保体模式才能有效分散、统一使用的保险费率与保险内容未超出合理范围、不存在其他反竞争的约定等三项条件。其中,共保协议豁免的风险范围应限制为巨灾风险、新型风险、系统性风险;保险费率范围应限制为不低于纯风险保费费率且不过分高于纯风险保费费率;保险合同内容应满足不存在权利义务关系明显失衡的情形、不能导致消费者无法找到自己需要的保险条款和不能存在其他有碍消费者利益的条款等限制。The coinsurance agreement has the appearance of a horizontal monopoly agreement on price fixing,and its stipulations such as"unified underwriting and distribution of insurance premium"and"uniform insurance contract"have the effect of restricting market competition,thus it should be considered as a monopoly agreement and thus not be allowed,however the mode of coinsurance pool enjoys irreplaceable advantages in diversifying certain risks,so it meets the requirements of antitrust exemption under certain conditions.To be exempted,the coinsurance agreement needs to satisfy three conditions:the risk covered can only be diversified through the mode of coinsurance pool,the unified premium rate and policy content are reasonable,and there are no other anti-competitive stipulations.Specifically,the scope of risks exempted in a coinsurance agreement should be limited to catastrophe risks,new risks,and systemic risks;the premium rate should be limited as not lower than the pure risk premium rate or excessively higher than the pure risk premium rate;the content of an insurance shall also satisfy such conditions as no obvious imbalance in rights and obligations,no obstacles to make customers be unable to find their needed clauses,no other provi sions detrimental to customers'rights.

关 键 词：保险共保体 共保协议 反垄断豁免 判断路径 风险范围 

分 类 号：DF438.4[政治法律—经济法学]