西安市2017—2021年狂犬病暴露人群流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of rabies exposed populations in Xi'an City from 2017 to 2021

作　　者：刘南[1] 张辉[1] 李倩[1] 冀贞浩[1] 于立芬[1] 刘继锋[1] 肖厚安 LIU Nan;ZHANG Hui;LI Qian;JI Zhenhao;YU Lifen;LIU Jifeng;XIAO Hou'an(Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710054,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心传染病防治所,陕西西安710054 [2]西安市第九医院烧伤整形外科

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2024年第8期741-746,共6页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：陕西省重点研发项目社会发展领域项目(2021SF~232);陕西省重点研发项目一般项目——社会发展领域(2024SF-YBXM-283);西安市创新能力支撑计划——医学研究项目(23YXYJ0047)。

摘　　要：目的分析西安市2017—2021年狂犬病暴露人群的流行病学特征,为更好的开展狂犬病防控工作,制定防控政策提供科学依据。方法使用EpiData 3.0软件收集西安市狂犬病暴露预防处置门诊2017—2021年暴露病例资料,使用构成比对分类变量进行统计描述,采用χ^(2)检验进行率的比较分析。结果2017—2021年西安市规范处置狂犬病暴露病例397487例,年平均暴露率为781.18/10万,男女性别比为1∶1.06;7~8月狂犬病暴露例数构成比为22.78%;各年龄组暴露病例中20~<30岁病例最多,构成比为25.69%;暴露病例职业分布以学生为主,构成比为25.43%;致伤动物以家养犬和猫为主,构成比分别为56.11%和32.36%;暴露部位以上肢最多,构成比为57.20%;Ⅲ级暴露病例最多为74.98%,免疫球蛋白注射率为35.41%。结论西安市2017—2021年狂犬病暴露率高,Ⅲ级暴露规范处置率低,希望政府增加狂犬病防控工作经费投入,同时建议将免疫球蛋白等纳入医保报销范围,以提高规范处置率,降低狂犬病危害。Objective To analyze the epidemiologic features of rabies exposed populations in Xi'an City from 2017 to 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for better prevention and control work of rabies and formulation of prevention and control policies.Methods Epidata 3.0 software was used to collect data on the exposed cases from 2017 to 2021 in the rabies exposure prevention and disposal clinics of Xi'an City,and statistical descriptions of the categorical variables were performed using composition ratios,and comparative analyses of the rates were performed using the Chi-square test.Results From 2017 to 2021,a total of 397487 rabies exposure cases were standardized and treated in Xi'an City,with an annual average exposure rate of 781.18/100000.The male to female gender ratio was 1∶1.06.The proportion of the number of cases of rabies exposure in July to August was 22.78%.Among the exposed cases in all age groups,the largest number of cases were in the age group of 20-<30 years old,with a proportion of 25.69%.The occupational distribution of the exposed cases was mainly students,with a proportion of 25.43%.Domestic dogs and cats were the main injurious animals,with the proportion of 56.11%and 32.36%,respectively.The most exposed site was the upper limb,with a proportion of 57.20%.The cases with GradeⅢexposure were the most,the proportion was 74.98%,and the immunoglobulin injection rate was 35.41%.Conclusion The exposure rate of rabies in Xi'an City is high from 2017 to 2021,and the rate of standardized disposal of GradeⅢexposure is low.It is hoped that the government should increase funding for rabies prevention and control work,and it is also suggested that immunoglobulin should be included in the scope of medical insurance reimbursement,so as to improve the standardized disposal rate and reduce the harm of rabies.

关 键 词：狂犬病 暴露 流行病学特征 人狂犬病疫苗 人畜共患病 

分 类 号：R512.99[医药卫生—内科学]