北京市再生水补水河流中抗生素的赋存特征及生态风险评估  

Occurrence Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in Reclaimed Water-receiving Rivers in Beijing

作　　者：武亚林 徐井旭 刘桂中 方瑶瑶 蒋宝 孙成一 孙长虹 凌文翠 WU Ya-lin;XU Jing-xu;LIU Gui-zhong;FANG Yao-yao;JIANG Bao;SUN Cheng-yi;SUN Chang-hong;LING Wen-cui(National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control,Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京100037

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第9期5244-5253,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(Z171100000717015);北京市生态环境保护科学研究院基金项目。

摘　　要：以北京市再生水补水河流凉水河为研究区域,检测了水体和沉积物中16种抗生素的种类、检出率和浓度(含量)水平,探讨其时空变化和赋存特征.在水体和沉积物中分别检测到9种和13种抗生素,抗生素的浓度(含量)范围分别为ND~116.68 ng·L^(−1)和ND~235.42 ng·g^(−1).水体中的主要抗生素为氧氟沙星和克拉霉素,沉积物中的主要抗生素为氧氟沙星.凉水河水体和沉积物中的抗生素总浓度(含量)表现为自上游至下游逐渐降低的趋势,其支流浓度(含量)高于干流.支流汇入对凉水河水体抗生素水平有明显影响,但对沉积物则影响不大.枯水期水体和沉积物中的抗生素总浓度(含量)整体高于丰水期.丰水期水体中检出浓度最高的是喹诺酮类抗生素,枯水期则为大环内酯类抗生素;沉积物在两季中检出含量最高的均为喹诺酮类抗生素.生态风险评价结果表明,水体中克拉霉素在枯水期表现为低风险,克拉霉素在两季沉积物中具有低风险,其余抗生素均表现为无风险.联合生态风险及最敏感营养级生态风险表明,所有点位生态风险表现为低风险和无风险,枯水期整体大于丰水期.部分点位在枯水期时接近中风险阈值,需引起重视.Taking Liangshui River,the reclaimed water-receiving river in Beijing,as the research area,the types,detection frequencies,and concentrations of 16 antibiotics in water and sediment were analyzed,and their temporal-spatial variation and occurrence characteristics were discussed.The results showed that nine and 13 target antibiotics were detected in the water and sediment of Liangshui River,with the antibiotic concentration ranges of ND-116.68 ng·L^(−1)and ND-235.42 ng·g^(−1),respectively.The main antibiotics in water were ofloxacin and clarithromycin,and the main antibiotic in sediment was ofloxacin.The total concentration of antibiotics in water and sediment showed a gradual decrease from the upstream to the downstream in the Liangshui River mainstream,and the concentration of antibiotics in tributaries was higher than that in the mainstream.The inflow of tributaries had an obvious impact on the antibiotic concentration in water for the Liangshui River but had little impact on its sediment.The total concentration of antibiotics in water and sediment during the dry season was generally higher than that during the wet season.The detected antibiotics with the highest concentration were quinolones in water during the wet season and macrolides in the dry season.Quinolones had the highest concentration in sediment in both seasons.The ecological risk assessment results showed that clarithromycin had a low risk in water in the dry season and sediment in both seasons,whereas the other antibiotics had no risk.The combined ecological risk and the most sensitive trophic level ecological risk assessment showed that all sampling sites had low risk or no risk,and the risk of the dry season was generally greater than that of the wet season.The risk values of some sampling points were close to the medium risk threshold during the dry season,which requires further attention.

关 键 词：抗生素 再生水 城市河流 赋存特征 生态风险 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4