典型岩溶矿区地表水和地下水补给来源及水化学演化机制  

Recharge Sources and Hydrochemical Evolution Mechanism of Surface Water and Groundwater in Typical Karst Mining Area

作　　者：周智强 黄奇波[2] 汪玉松[1] 罗飞 梁建宏[2] 熊江俣 ZHOU Zhi-qiang;HUANG Qi-bo;WANG Yu-song;LUO Fei;LIANG Jian-hong;XIONG Jiang-yu(School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;Institute of Karst Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Guilin 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,武汉430074 [2]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,桂林541004

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第9期5264-5276,共13页Environmental Science

基　　金：中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所基本科研业务费项目(2022006);中国地质调查局项目(DD20221758)。

摘　　要：为研究香花岭矿区岩溶地下水与地表水补给来源、水化学特征及演化过程,在矿区周边采集了32组岩溶地下水与地表水样品,基于多元统计分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs图和离子比例系数等方法,分析了香花岭矿区岩溶地下水与地表水水文地球化学特征,系统揭示了两者的补给来源、补给年代及水化学演化规律.结果表明,香花岭矿区岩溶地下水与地表水呈弱碱性,主要阴阳离子为HCO_(3)^(−)和Ca^(2+),水化学类型以HCO_(3)-Ca型、HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg型和HCO_(3)·SO_(4)^(-)Ca·Mg型为主.大气降水是岩溶地下水与地表水的主要补给来源,在径流过程中一定程度上受到了蒸发作用的影响,但岩溶地下水所受蒸发作用影响相对较小,与现代水水力联系较为密切,循环更替过程更加迅速.岩溶地下水与地表水的水化学演化特征主要受岩石风化作用、阳离子交替吸附作用、矿物溶解作用及人类活动(农业活动、矿业活动)的共同影响,Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)和HCO_(3)^(−)主要源于碳酸盐岩矿物的溶解,少部分源于硅酸盐岩矿物的风化溶解,Na^(+)与Cl^(−)主要源于岩盐的溶解,其中Cl^(−)、NO_(3)^(−)和SO_(4)^(2−)受到农业活动、生活污水排放与矿业活动的外源输入的影响较大.研究结果对香花岭矿区岩溶地下水与地表水循环演化过程、水资源保护利用有重要意义.To study the recharge source,hydrochemical characteristics,and evolution process of karst underground water and surface water in the Xianghualing Mining area,we collected 32 groups of samples from karst underground water and surface water sources in and around the mining area.Based on multivariate statistical analysis,the Piper three-line diagram,Gibbs diagram,and ion ratio coefficient,this study analyzed the hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst underground water and surface water in the Xianghualing Mining area.The study systematically revealed the recharge source,recharge age,and hydrochemical evolution law of both water sources.The results showed that the karst underground water and surface water in the Xianghualing Mining area were weakly alkaline,with the main anions being HCO_(3)^(−)and the main cations being Ca^(2+).The hydrochemical types mainly included HCO_(3)^(-)Ca,HCO_(3)^(-)Ca·Mg,and HCO_(3)·SO_(4)^(-)Ca·Mg types.Atmospheric precipitation was the primary source of recharge for karst underground water and surface water,and it was also influenced by evaporation during the runoff process.However,the evaporation effect of karst groundwater was relatively small,which was closely related to modern hydrology,and the cycle replacement process was more rapid.The hydrochemical evolution characteristics of karst underground water and surface water were mainly affected by rock weathering,cation exchange adsorption,mineral dissolution,and human activities(such as agricultural and mining activities).Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),and HCO_(3)^(−)were primarily derived from the dissolution of carbonate minerals,with a small portion also originating from the weathering and dissolution of silicate minerals.Na^(+)and Cl^(−)were primarily derived from the dissolution of rock salts.Among them,Cl^(−),NO_(3)^(−),and SO_(4)^(2−)were greatly affected by external inputs from agricultural activities,domestic sewage discharge,and mining activities.The research results are of great significance to the cyclical evolution pro

关 键 词：香花岭矿区 岩溶地下水 水化学特征 水岩作用 氢氧同位素 演化机制 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]