Biochar from grape pomace,a waste of vitivinicultural origin,is effective for root-knot nematode control  

作　　者：Ángela Martínez-Gómez Maria Fe Andrés Ángel Barón-Sola Fernando E.Díaz-Manzano Ibraheem Yousef Ismael F.Mena Elena Díaz Óscar Gómez-Torres Azucena González-Coloma Luis E.Hernández Carolina Escobar 

机构地区：[1]Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha,Toledo,Spain [2]Departamento de Protección Vegetal,Instituto Ciencias Agrarias CSIC,Madrid,Spain [3]Departamento de Biología,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid,Madrid,Spain [4]CELLS ALBA,Carrer del Llum 2-26,08290,Cerdanyola del Vallès,Barcelona,Spain [5]Departamento de Ingeniería Química,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid,Madrid,Spain [6]Faculty of Chemical Sciences&Technologies,Chemical Engineering Department,Av.Camilo JoséCela,12,13071,University of Castilla-La Mancha,Ciudad Real,Spain

出　　处：《Biochar》2023年第1期519-541,共23页生物炭（英文）

基　　金：Spanish Government(PID2019-105924RB-I00 MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033,RED2018-102407-T)to CE,and(AGL2014-53771-R,AGL2017-87591-R)to LEH;Castilla-La Mancha Government(SBPLY/17/180501/000287 and SBPLY/21/180501/000033)to CE.;AM-G was recipient of a PhD grant from Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno;EU FEDER funds complemented all the grants.

摘　　要：Root-knot nematodes(RKNs)are obligate endoparasites that feed on their host plants to complete its life cycle,representing a major threat to agriculture and economy worldwide.The development of new management strategies becomes essential as effective chemical nematicides are progressively being restricted.Hence,we analysed grape pomace-derived biochars,pyrolysed at 350℃(BC350)and 700℃(BC700),focusing on their potential for RKN control.The thermal treatment of grape pomace caused an increase in the concentration of carbon and plant macro-and micronutrients,which were largely present in a water-soluble form.Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy data showed a general loss of carboxylic functional groups during pyrolysis,partially contributing to the alkalinisation of both biochars,mostly in BC700.Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed a highly porous structure filled with different crystals composed of elements such as K,Ca,Mg,P,Si or Al,which could be a suitable environment for the growth of microorganisms.Biochar-derived aqueous extracts showed phytotoxicity to tomato seedlings at high concentrations,and disappeared upon dilution,but no toxic effect was observed on the nematode’s infective stage.However,the infective and reproductive traits of a Meloidogyne javanica population in tomato were significantly reduced(i.e.egg masses and eggs per plant)in washed-biochar-treated soil in pots(0.75%;BC350W).Therefore,the large amount of grape waste generated after wine production can be transformed into a valuable product such as biochar,effective for RKNs control,thus reducing the waste management problem and contributing to a circular economy.

关 键 词：BIOCHAR Grape pomace TOMATO Root-knot nematode control Meloidogyne spp. 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]