宋代对海潮的认识与利用  

The Understanding and Utilization of Sea Tides in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：鲁西奇 Lu Xiqi

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2024年第6期5-32,144,共29页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国历史上的滨海地域研究”(14ZDB026)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宋人普遍认同潮汐“系属于月”的说法,“候月知潮”,根据月亮的运行推算潮时和潮位变化;认识到潮时、潮位存在地域差异,分别记录、总结各地潮候,区分潮汐的地域类型;利用潮水涨落的规律确定近海航行中起航、航行、停泊的时间,以潮次表示水程;将对潮至点、潮至线的认识运用到近海航行、港口与沿海道路及桥梁建设、滨海塘堰的修筑以及盐业生产中,合理地安排相关活动。滨海人群在宋代对海潮的认识、利用过程中发挥着主导作用。In the Song Dynasty,it was widely accepted that"the change of tides is determined by the movement of the moon",and the tide time and tide level changes were estimated"according to the movement of the moon".The Song people realized that there were regional differences in tide times and tide levels,so they recorded and summarized the tide time and tide level in different places,and tried to distinguish the regional types of tides.They used the law of tide rise and fall to determine the time of departure,navigation and berthing in offshore navigation,and used"tide"to indicate the duration and time of navigation.The coastal people applied their understanding of the"tide arrival point and line"to offshore navigation,the construction of ports,coastal roads,bridges,coastal ponds and weirs,and the production of the salt industry,arranging related activities reasonably.The coastal people played a leading role in the understanding and utilization of sea tides in the Song Dynasty.

关 键 词：宋代 潮汐 潮时 潮至线 海塘 

分 类 号：P731[天文地球—海洋科学]