飞机多层金属铆接结构缺陷检测的新型电涡流探头仿真设计  

Simulation design of a new eddy current probe for defect detection of aircraft multi-layer metal riveting structure

作　　者：徐昊[1] 包俊[1,2] 黄国勇 邓为权[1,2] 赵成俊 Xu Hao;Bao Jun;Huang Guoyong;Deng Weiquan;Zhao Chengjun(Faculty of Civil Aviation and Aeronautics,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Yunnan International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Control and Application of Advanced Equipment,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学民航与航空学院,昆明650500 [2]云南省先进装备智能控制及应用国际联合实验室,昆明650500

出　　处：《电子测量与仪器学报》2024年第5期178-187,共10页Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62203195)项目;云南省应用基础研究专项青年项目(202201AU070102)资助。

摘　　要：飞机多层金属铆接结构随着飞机服役时间的增加,并伴随极端服役环境,有可能出现疲劳裂纹等缺陷,及时发现缺陷并获取缺陷深度、方向等信息对损伤评估与维修具有重要意义。然而,由于多层结构带来的缺陷隐蔽性,导致常规电涡流探头检测信号特征不明显,且常规电涡流探头对某些方向缺陷不敏感,难以判断疲劳裂纹走向。针对上述问题,设计了一种十字跑道型差分式涡流探头,主要由一个十字跑道型激励线圈和两组差分检测线圈组成。通过建立飞机多层金属铆接结构缺陷检测的三维有限元模型研究新型涡流探头的可行性,包括对探头的结构进行了优化,分别对缺陷的不同方向、埋深和提离高度进行了仿真计算。结果表明,新型探头能够有效检测埋深6 mm、尺寸为10 mm×1 mm×1 mm的深层缺陷,并且能够获取缺陷的方向信息。相较传统探头,设计探头具有非敏感方向不漏检、抗提离效应、分辨力高等优势,研究结果可对飞机多层金属铆接结构检测的电涡流探头设计提供一定的参考。With the increase of aircraft service time and the extreme service environment,fatigue cracks and other defects may occur in the multi-layer metal riveting structure of aircraft.It is of great significance for damage assessment and maintenance to find defects in time and obtain information such as defect depth and direction.However,due to the concealment of defects caused by multi-layer structure,the detection signal characteristics of conventional eddy current probes are indistinct,and conventional eddy current probes are not sensitive to defects in certain directions,making it difficult to determine the direction of fatigue cracks.To address these problems,a cross-runway-type differential eddy current probe is designed,which is mainly composed of a cross-runway-type excitation coil and two sets of differential detection coils.The feasibility of the new eddy current probe is investigated by establishing a three-dimensional finite element model for defect detection of aircraft multi-layer metal riveting structures,including the optimization of the structure of the probe,and simulations are conducted to analyze the different directions of defects,the buried depths and the lift-off heights,respectively.The results indicate that the new probe can effectively detect deep defects with a buried depth of 6 mm and dimensions of 10 mm×1 mm×1 mm,and it can obtain the direction information of the defects.Compared to traditional probes,designed probes have advantages such as no missing defects in all directions,resistance to lift off effects,and high resolution.The research results can provide some reference for the design of eddy current probes for aircraft multi-layer metal riveting structure detection.

关 键 词：多层金属 铆接结构 电涡流检测 缺陷方向 差分结构 

分 类 号：V267[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程] TG115.28[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]