为什么大量高效率企业留在中小城市?——基于位置效应与异质性企业生产率的一个解释  

Why Do Numerous Highly Efficient Firms Remain in Small and Medium-Sized Cities:An Explanation Based on Ranking Effects and Heterogeneous Firm Productivity

作　　者：唐雪梅 林善浪[2] 黎德福[2] Tang Xuemei;Lin Shanlang;Li Defu(Shengxiang Business School of Sanda University;School of Economics and Management,Tongji University)

机构地区：[1]上海杉达学院胜祥商学院,201209 [2]同济大学经济与管理学院,200092

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2024年第7期44-63,共20页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72273096)“工业化与城市化过程中经济波动的传导机制与稳定政策研究”;上海杉达学院校科研基金项目(2023BXZX04)“民生基础设施建设对城乡居民消费结构升级的影响研究”的资助。

摘　　要：针对现实中大量高效率企业留在中小城市这一与异质性区位理论预测明显矛盾的现象,本文提出位置效应假说,即高效率企业之所以留在中小城市是因为其在当地的经济地位排序更靠前,而靠前的位置排序在信号机制的作用下,使其能在融资、用工、上下游供应链中获得优势。本文基于中国工业企业数据的检验结果表明,以企业销售额为指标对城市内企业进行位置排序,排序靠前能显著提高企业的生产率。在控制企业规模、行业和城市自身特征等诸多因素,并通过构造复合工具变量控制内生性之后,结论仍然成立。本文结论为地区差别化优惠政策提供了理论支持,即在相对落后地区重点补贴位置排序靠前的企业,可以进一步增强该“位置”对高效率企业的吸引力,比均等补贴所有企业更有利于促进该地区的发展。In response to the phenomenon that numerous highly efficient firms remain in small and medium-sized(SMS)cities,which significantly contradicts the predictions of heterogeneous location theory,this paper proposes the Ranking effect hypothesis.According to this hypothesis,highly efficient firms stay in SMS cities because their economic ranking is higher locally.This higher ranking,through the signaling mechanism,provides advantages in financing,labor market,and upstream and downstream supply chains.Based on empirical results from Chinese industrial firms data,this paper demonstrates that a higher local ranking of firms,measured by sales revenue,significantly enhances their productivity.Even after controlling for factors such as firm size,industry,and the characteristics of the cities,and using composite instrumental variables to control for endogeneity,the conclusions remain robust.This paper's findings provide theoretical support for regionally differen-tiated preferential policies.Specifically,focusing subsidies on higher-ranked firms in rela-tively underdeveloped areas can further enhance the attractiveness of these locations to highly efficient firms,thus promoting regional development more effectively than uniformly subsidizing all firms.

关 键 词：位置效应 异质性企业 全要素生产率 区位选择 

分 类 号：F425[经济管理—产业经济]