藏语宾语及其分类研究  

Research on Tibetan Object and Its Classification

作　　者：卡毛姐 Mkha Mo Skyid(School of Foreign Languages in Qinghai Minzu University,Xining,Qinghai 810007)

机构地区：[1]青海民族大学外国语学院,青海西宁810007

出　　处：《青海民族大学学报（藏文版）》2024年第2期33-42,共10页Journal of qinghai minzu University：Tibetan Version

摘　　要：宾语是藏语句子中的主要语法成分之一。然而,传统藏语文法学中未明确区分受事宾语和对象宾语。例如,在句子“■”(往东去)中,格标记“■”被认为是受事宾语的标记,实际上它表示的是趋向动词的运动方向,是对象宾语标记。为了更好地区分藏语中的受事宾语和对象宾语,文章从谓语动词的语义、受事名词的特点,以及格标记的形式等多个角度进行了详尽地分析和区分。并根据动词的受动性将受事宾语分为典型受动宾语和非典型受动宾语。受事宾语是动作的直接承受者,一般由名词性词语充当,与谓语动词构成支配关系,通常采用隐性宾格标记,即无标记的宾格形式,但谓语动词是表示视觉活动、听觉活动、臭觉活动、味觉活动的表感性的动词时,宾格名词由1a类格来表示,动作的发动者具有显性施事格。对象宾语并非动作的直接承受者,是动作关涉对象,一般由1a类格标记;谓语动词一般是不及物动词,没有施事格的标记,可分为方向、处所、目的、时间等对象。从动词的受动性来看,受事宾语可分为典型受动宾语和非典型受动宾语。典型受动宾语是当施事者对受事对象发出动作时,受事对象受到动作影响致使名词的状态在动作行为的作用下发生变化,使事物出现或消失,或事物所属发生变化。非典型受动宾语是虽然受到施事者的动作的影响,但其对象的状态变化不是很明显,只是单纯接触的动作,就用1a类格来表示。Object is one of the main grammatical components in Tibetan sentences.However,in traditional Tibetan grammar,there is no clear distinction between the subject of the object and the object of the object.For example,in the sentence"■"(going east),the particle"■"is considered a marker of the recipient object,but in reality it represents the direction of movement towards the verb and is the object of the object.In order to better distinguish between the recipient object and the object of the object in Tibetan language,this study conducted a detailed analysis and differentiation from multiple perspectives,including the semantics of predicate verbs,the characteristics of object nouns,and the form of case markers.It also classified the passive object into typical passive objects and atypical passive objects based on the passive nature of verbs.Firstly,the object of the action is the direct recipient of the action,usually represented by noun words,forming a dominant relationship with the predicate verb,and usually using implicit object case markers,i.e.unmarked object case forms.But when the predicate verb is a sensory verb that expresses visual,auditory,olfactory,and gustatory activities,the accusative noun is represented by the auxiliary word‘la’.The initiator of the action has an explicit agent personality.The object is not the direct recipient of the action,but the object of the action,usually marked by the auxiliary word ‘la’.The predicate verb is generally an intransitive verb without an agent marker,and can be divided into objects such as direction,place,purpose,time,etc.Secondly,in terms of the passive nature of verbs,the passive object can be divided into typical passive objects and typical passive objects.A typical passive object is when the agent of an action performs an action on the passive object,and the passive object is affected by the action,causing a change in the state of the noun under the action,resulting in the appearance or disappearance of the object or a change in its ownership.Typica

关 键 词：藏语 宾语 谓语动词 

分 类 号：H214[语言文字—少数民族语言]