《格萨尔》史诗中“赔命价”习惯法研究  

Research on the Customary Law of"Compensation for Life"in the Gesar Epic

作　　者：娘毛加 Nyingmo Gyal(Department of Chinese Language and Literature in Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730030)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学中国语言文学学部,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《青海民族大学学报（藏文版）》2024年第2期137-148,共12页Journal of qinghai minzu University：Tibetan Version

摘　　要：《格萨尔》史诗中记载着禁猎禁山规定、军事制度、盟誓制度、刑罚制度等丰富的习惯法,其中刑事处罚方面又有赔偿、驱逐、监禁、讽刺挖苦及悔罪道歉等方式。本文以“赔命价”习惯法为主题,首先简要论述了“赔命价”(stong)一词的含义及其产生与发展,指出“洞”是指发生命案或人身伤害案件后,侵害人向受害人及其亲属赔付的财物金钱等,认为此习惯法源于藏族固有的赔偿习俗和藏传佛教信仰体系;其次探讨了《格萨尔》史诗中记载的“命价”赔偿规则和特点、刑事调解的基本程序等,认为当时的“赔命价”习惯法具有一定的阶级性,赔偿项目较多,盟誓在命价制度实施过程中起着一定的作用,且“赔命价”赔偿规定与现行《民法通则》和《刑法》中的部分规定相一致,调解纠纷的程序也与现今的刑事案件调解流程相似。另指出《格萨尔》史诗中出现的诸多赔偿项目名称同帕竹和藏巴汗时期的法典内容相同,认为《格萨尔》史诗中的记载是了解和研究藏族传统习惯法的珍贵资料。最后,结合《格萨尔》史诗中的具体案例,分析了命价赔偿制的社会功能,提出此习惯法对化解矛盾纠纷和社会的稳定发展、抚慰和调节人心、约束和引导人们的行为举止以及增强法律意识等方面有着积极作用。The Gesar Epic records a rich array of customary laws,encompassing regulations on hunting and mountain bans,military systems,oath systems,and criminal customary law.Criminal punishments mentioned in this epic include compensation,expulsion,imprisonment,sarcasm,repentance,and apology.This paper focuses on the customary law of"compensation for life"as its research theme.Firstly,it briefly discusses the meaning of the term"compensation for life"(Stong)and its origin and development.It clarifies that"Stong"refers to the property and money paid by the offender to the victim and their relatives after a murder or personal injury case.It is believed that this customary law originated from the inherent compensation customs and Buddhist belief system of the Tibetans.Subsequently,it examines the compensation rules and characteristics of the"life price"reflected in Gesar Epic,as well as the basic procedures of criminal mediation.It suggests that the customary law of"compensation for life"at that time had a certain class nature,with numerous compensation items,and oaths played a role in implementing the life price system.The compensation provisions of"compensation for life"are consistent with some provisions in the current"General Principles of Civil Law"and"Criminal Law",and the dispute mediation procedures are similar to the current criminal case mediation process.The paper also notes that many compensation item names in this epic match the contents of codes during the Phagmodrupa and Tsangpa Khan periods,indicating that Gesar is a valuable source for understanding and studying traditional Tibetan customary law.Finally,the paper analyzes the social function of the life price compensation system,suggesting that this customary law has played a positive role in resolving conflicts and disputes,stabilizing social development,soothing and regulating people's hearts,restraining and guiding people's behavior,and enhancing legal awareness.

关 键 词：《格萨尔》史诗 “赔命价” 习惯法 

分 类 号：D920.4[政治法律—法学]