清代民国福建古田县民间的“田根”交易类型--以《闽东家族文书》为中心  

The"Field Root"Transaction Type of Gutian County,Fujian in the Republic of China and Qing Dynasty Take the"Eastern Fujian Family Documents"as the Center

作　　者：朱亚倩 Zhu Yaqian

机构地区：[1]暨南大学历史学系

出　　处：《福建史志》2024年第4期12-22,91,共12页

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“闽东文书的整理与研究”(编号:20&ZD214)。

摘　　要：随着土地产权的分化,田底与田面分离开来,田面作为单独的产权参与交易。田面权在福建地区被称为“田根”,古田地区有不少关于清代民国时期“田根”的交易的契约。清初的屯田田面交易中可以赎回的契约略多,康熙年间签订的屯田交易证明在未颁布屯田可以自由买卖的法令之前,地方官府已经承认民间交易。可以赎回的契约中,主要分为典当与活卖两种类型,其中活卖为后续的找贴提供了空间。有关找贴的契约中,契约名称主要为尽卖田根契、尽佃田根契、凑田根契,且找贴往往是多次的。绝卖主要分为两类,一类是田面主将田面权在一次性交易中彻底的转移给买主,其名称主要是“立卖断佃根批”“归断批”;一类是通过不断的找贴,使活卖变成绝卖,最终丧失田面权。With the differentiation of land property rights,the bottom of the field and the field surface were separated,and the field surface participates in the transaction as a separate property right.The right of the field surface was known as"the field root"in Fujian province,and there were many contracts about the transactions of"the field root"in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.In the early Qing Dynasty,there were slightly more contracts to be redeemed in the trading of"tuntian fields"which had been opened up by troops.Before the certificate of"tuntian fields"transactions signed during the period of Kangxi,the local government had recognized the private transactions.The contract that could be redeemed was mainly divided into two types:pawn and live sale,among which live sale provided space for subsequent search stickers.In the contract about the search,the name of the contract was mainly to sell the land contract,the tenant contract,the land contract,and the search was often many times.The sale was mainly divided into two categories,one was the complete transfer to the buyer in the one-time transaction,the name was mainly"the tenant root batch"and"the batch";the other was through the continuous search,and finally lost the sale right.

关 键 词：闽东文书 古田 “田根” 契约文书 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济] K249[历史地理—历史学] K258[历史地理—中国史] K29