磁约束燃烧等离子体物理的现状与展望  

Current status and prospects of burning plasma physics in magnetically confined fusion

作　　者：孙有文 仇志勇 万宝年 Sun You-Wen;Qiu Zhi-Yong;Wan Bao-Nian(Institute of Plasma Physics,Hefei Institute of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院合肥物质科学院研究院,等离子体物理研究所,合肥230031

出　　处：《物理学报》2024年第17期1-13,共13页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金(批准号:2208085J39);国家自然科学基金(批准号:12275236)资助的课题.

摘　　要：本文从设计和运行托卡马克聚变堆需求的角度,简要概述了托卡马克高约束运行方案和高能量粒子约束涉及的关键物理的发展现状和挑战.过去几十年中,托卡马克高约束模式物理研究取得了重要进展,明确了聚变堆运行区的主要稳定性和约束的限制条件及其性能优化的主要调控手段,发展了感应、混合和稳态等若干可能适用于未来托卡马克聚变堆的运行方案.在反应堆阿尔法粒子加热主导的条件下,潜在主导阿尔法粒子输运损失的阿尔芬不稳定性的线性谱特征和激发机制得到了充分的理解;在阿尔芬不稳定性的非线性饱和、阿尔法粒子约束,及通过加热沉积和微观湍流对等离子体约束的影响等方面开展了大量的实验和理论探索.当前,磁约束聚变物理已进入临近点火燃烧等离子体研究的新阶段,面临着全新的挑战,如:聚变堆条件下如何实现高能量阿尔法粒子对等离子体有效自加热;在阿尔法粒子自加热为主条件下,如何通过调控等离子体关键参数分布维持等离子体稳定性和高约束性能,实现聚变堆高效安全运行;能否建立全尺度模型,实现聚变堆复杂等离子体的长时间动力学过程的准确预测等.这些关键问题的解决,可为未来聚变堆的设计和运行奠定坚实的物理基础,同时推动等离子体学科的发展.Current status and challenges of key physics related to high-confinement operational scenarios and energetic particle confinement are briefly reviewed from the perspective of design and operation of tokamakbased fusion reactors.In the past few decades,significant progress has been made in the research on highconfinement mode physics,i.e.the main stability and confinement constraints on operational window of a fusion reactor have been identified,and some control methods for adjusting plasma kinetic profiles to optimize performance have been developed.Several operational scenarios,including inductive,hybrid and steady-state etc,which are potentially applicable for future reactors,have been developed.In the conditions that fusion alpha particle self-heating is predominant and shear Alfvén wave(SAW)instabilities potentially dominate fusion alpha particle transport,the SAW linear stability properties and excitation mechanisms are understood in depth,and the SAW instabilities nonlinear saturation,alpha particle confinement,and the influence of the heating deposition and the micro-turbulence regulation on fusion profile are under extensive investigation.The magnetically confined fusion research has entered a new stage of ignition and burning plasma physics,and new challenges that are faced are addressed,including whether efficient self-heating of plasmas by fusion alpha particles can be achieved,how the plasma stability and high-confinement can be maintained through the active control of key plasma profiles under the condition of dominant alpha particle heating,and whether it is possible to establish accurate models to predict long time scale complex dynamical evolution of fusion plasmas etc.Solving these key problems will lay a solid scientific foundation for designing and operating future fusion reactors as well as promote the development of plasma science.

关 键 词：磁约束核聚变 托卡马克 燃烧等离子体物理 运行方案 

分 类 号：TL631.24[核科学技术—核技术及应用] TL612