自组装生物分子软物质材料及其物理特性  

Self-assembled biomolecular soft materials and their physical properties

作　　者：韩旭 薛斌[1] 曹毅[1] 王炜[1,2] Han Xu;Xue Bin;Cao Yi;Wang Wei(National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructure,School of Physics,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China;Institute for Brain Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学物理学院,固体微结构国家重点实验室,南京210093 [2]南京大学脑科学研究院,南京210093

出　　处：《物理学报》2024年第17期14-27,共14页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:11934008,T2225016,T2322010);国家重点研发计划(批准号:2020YFA0908100)资助的课题.

摘　　要：自组装生物分子软物质材料是以生物分子或生物分子基元为构建单元,通过自组织过程形成的一类新型软物质材料.因其组成单元的生物特性和其中弱相互作用驱动组装的特征,这类材料通常具有高度生物相容性、可逆组装、动态响应和微结构可控性等优势,在生物医学、组织工程和柔性传感等领域中被广泛关注并得到了相关研发和应用.本文简要介绍自组装生物分子软物质材料的基本构建原理和物理特性,并以氨基酸、多肽分子等组装单元为例,对三类自组装生物分子软物质材料(纳米材料、凝胶材料和复合材料)的自组装分子机制、材料构建思路、力学特性和功能应用场景做了具体阐述.我们认为自组装生物分子软物质材料的研究,将从结构单元的发掘和相关特性的表征,向多功能性质定制与前端应用集成方向发展,从而研发出崭新的复合智能生物软物质材料,进一步促进其在生物医学、有机半导体和软体机器人等新兴领域中的应用.Self-assembling biomolecular soft materials are a novel type of soft matter formed through the self-assembly process by using biomolecules or biomolecular building blocks.The characteristics of bio-sourced origin and assembly driven by weak interactions endow these materials with advantages such as high biocompatibility,reversible assembly,dynamic responsiveness,and controllable microstructures.These properties offer immense potential for development in fields such as biomedicine,tissue engineering,and flexible sensing.This paper concisely reviews the fundamental construction principles of self-assembling biomolecular soft materials and discusses three categories,i.e.nanomaterials,gel materials,and composite materials,by using amino acids and peptides as examples of assembly units.The specific self-assembly molecular mechanisms,material construction strategies,and functional application scenarios of these materials are elucidated.We anticipate that the research on self-assembling soft matter biomolecular materials will evolve from exploring structural units and measuring properties to customizing multifunctional properties and integrating advanced applications.This will lead to the development of novel composite intelligent biomolecular soft matter materials,and further promoting their applications in biomedicine,organic semiconductors,and soft robotics.

关 键 词：软物质 生物分子 多肽组装 水凝胶 力学特性 

分 类 号：O641.3[理学—物理化学] TB30[理学—化学]