水下冲击波载荷作用下复合材料层合板的动态失效机理  

Dynamic Failure Mechanism of Composite Laminates under Underwater Shock Wave Load

作　　者：蔡泽喆 朱小龙 王鹤然 黄怀纬[1] 龙舒畅 姚小虎[1] CAI Ze-zhe;ZHU Xiao-long;WANG He-ran;HUANG Huai-wei;LONG Shu-chang;YAO Xiao-hu(School of Civil Engineering and Transportation,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,China;AVIC Chengfei Civil Aircraft Co.Ltd.,Chengdu 610073,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学土木与交通学院,广东广州510641 [2]中航成飞民用飞机有限责任公司,四川成都610073

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2024年第8期730-737,I0004,共9页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.12302470,No.12102137);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(No.2024A1515011080,No.2022A1515011236);成都市青羊区科技计划项目(No.2023JHKJ10276-117)。

摘　　要：为了研究复合材料层合结构的水下抗冲击特性,基于水下爆炸冲击波等效加载装置,结合三维数字图像相关方法,开展了碳纤维增强复合材料层合板动态响应以及失效特征的试验研究;讨论了水下冲击波载荷下复合材料层合板计及流固耦合效应的动态响应过程;分析了水下冲击波载荷水压峰值、衰减时间以及板厚度变化对复合材料层合板失效特征产生的影响。结果表明,水下冲击波载荷作用下层合板的动态响应过程因涉及板的面内弯剪波传播与流体空化二次加载的相互作用,响应阶段可划分为面内波传播、边界控制响应、二次加载3个阶段;当层合板发生破坏,层合板边界处纤维剪切破坏及靠近边界范围的纤维拉伸破坏均出现在响应第一阶段,响应第二阶段中破坏现象不明显,响应第三阶段则受板厚和载荷的影响可能在板中心因弯折出现纤维断裂;当层合板受较小冲量水下冲击波加载时,外表面不会出现明显失效,但响应过程中结构内部的纤维及基体破坏引起了气背面的残余变形,也降低了结构剩余强度影响承载能力。In order to study the underwater impact resistance characteristics of composite laminate structures,the experimental research on the dynamic response and failure characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced composite laminates was conducted using an equivalent loading device for underwater explosive shock waves combined with a three-dimensional digital image correlation method.The dynamic response process of composite laminates under underwater shock loads was discussed,taking into account fluid-structure interaction effects.The impact of peak water pressure,decay time of the underwater shock load,and variations in plate thickness on the failure characteristics of composite laminates was also analyzed.The experimental results show that the dynamic response process of laminates under underwater shock loads involves interactions between in-plane bending shear wave propagation and secondary loading after fluid cavitation.The response process can be divided into three stages:in-plane wave propagation,boundary-controlled response,and secondary loading.When the laminate is damaged,fiber shear failure at the boundary and fiber tensile failure near the boundary occur in the first stage of response.In the second stage,damage phenomena are not obvious,while in the third stage,fiber breakage may occur at the center of the plate due to bending,influenced by plate thickness and loading.When the laminate is subjected to underwater shock loads with smaller impulses,no significant failure appears on the outer surface.However,internal fiber and matrix damage during the response process causes residual deformation on the air-backed side and reduces the residual strength of the structure,affecting its load-bearing capacity.

关 键 词：爆炸力学 水下冲击波 复合材料 动态响应 失效机理 水下抗冲击特性 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O38[理学—流体力学]