越南2022年《油气法》及其在南海油气侵权的新动向  

Vietnam's 2022 Petroleum Law Amendments:Legal Mechanisms Hinting at New Measures for Pressing Claims through Hydrocarbon Activities in the South China sea

作　　者：胡德坤[1] 晋玉 HU Dekun;JIN Yu(Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学,湖北武汉430072 [2]武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院,湖北武汉430072.

出　　处：《边界与海洋研究》2024年第4期28-45,共18页Journal of Boundary and Ocean Studies

摘　　要：2023年7月,越南于2022年末修订的《油气法》生效,该法是南海问题呈现出“法律化”趋势后越南的又一部涉海法律。与此前的越南油气法相比,该法有三个明显变化:一是在“深水远海”区重点增加“符合国际法”的油气基础调查,二是对外商“退还的”油气田放开采竭制度,三是主动吸引更多外商进入“深水远海”区开采油气。越南试图借此将油气勘探和开采活动向中国断续线内深处推进,以保障经济增长和能源安全的需求、持续推进南海问题“国际化”、坐享“南海仲裁”负面溢出效应。这将严重损害我国在南海的正当权益,增加我国在南海的维权压力,加大我国面临的法律风险。这要求我国应以维权维稳为准则,做到“防—止—治”并举,有理有法地应对越南新油气法向断续线内的渗透,早日实现与越南在油气资源方面的共同开发、互利共赢,努力推进中越海洋共同体的建设。In July 2023,Vietnam's new Petroleum Law revised at the end of 2022 came into effect under the growing trend towards politicizing legal issues in the South China sea(SCS).This paper examines the changes of the law and finds three key measures related hydrocarbon activities Vietnam may take in the near future to press its claims in the SCS.These measures include enhancing“international law-compliant”fundamental petroleum research,particularly in“deep waters and offshore areas”;permitting the full exploitation of resources reserved in some of the oil and gas blocks previously“relinquished”by foreign investors;and actively attracting foreign investment for exploration in areas mentioned above.The paper argues that the implementation of the law is an attempt by Vietnam to extend its oil and gas activities within the SCS Dotted Line of China,aiming to ensure its economic growth and energy security,the implementation of its“internationalization”strategy in the SCS,and capitalize on the negative spillover effects from the so called SCS Arbitration Case Award.These developments may pose a significant threat to China's legitimate rights and interests in the SCS,adding pressure and legal risks to China's efforts to safeguard its rights and interests and maintain regional peace and stability.In view of this,China must not only to prevent and to stop any activities,particularly those related to hydrocarbon exploration,that may infringe on its rights and interests in the SCS and destabilize the region by taking justified and lawful actions,but also to manage them by proposing a viable joint development mechanism and fostering the establishment of China-Vietnam maritime community with a shared future at an early date.

关 键 词：越南2022年《油气法》 断续线 油气侵权 

分 类 号：D933.3[政治法律—法学] D993.5