茨哈峡水电站泄洪洞旋流竖井段体型水力特性研究  

Hydraulic Characteristics of Vertical Vortex Shaft Spillway of Cihaxia Hydropower Station

作　　者：朱颖儒[1] 何军龄 丁新潮[1] 乔会超 刘子源 ZHU Yingru;HE Junling;DING Xinchao;QIAO Huichao;LIU Ziyuan(Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710000,China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建西北勘测设计研究院,陕西西安710000 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水利与建筑工程学报》2024年第4期1-8,共8页Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金项目(2023-JC-QN-0387)。

摘　　要：为探究竖井旋流泄洪洞在高水头大泄量条件下的水力特性,以茨哈峡水电站为背景,进行竖井旋流泄洪洞的水工模型试验,通过比较不同衔接段体型涡室壅水和竖井底板的脉动压强,以获得上平段与涡室衔接段和竖井与导流洞衔接段的推荐体型。基于VOF模型,采用三种紊流模型对推荐体型水力特性进行数值模拟。研究发现,竖井内旋转水流的水层厚度分布不均,旋转水流切向流速的衰减梯度从上到下逐渐降低,在竖井前半段,轴向流速随竖井高度的降低增加较快,竖井中下段,主流水体的轴向流速增加明显,而副流水体增加缓慢;竖井旋流泄洪洞各部位消能差异大,竖井起始部位主要消去涡室来流的初始切向动能,中间部位主要消去旋转水流的轴向动能,下半部位利用环状水跃和消力井消去旋转水流大部分的剩余动能。Realizable k-ε紊流模型更适合模拟超高水头、大泄量、强旋转并带有自由液面旋转水流的水力特性。In order to explore its applicability under high water head and large discharge conditions,based on a hy-draulic model test of vertical vortex shaft spillway,this paper focused on vortex chamber backwater and the fluctuating pressure of the shaft bottom in different convergence section,and optimized the shape of convergence section of the di-version canal section and the vortex chamber,as well as the shaft and diversion tunnel.Then,due to the limitation of the traditional model test for the measurement of the complex hydraulic characteristics of vertical shaft spillway,based on VOF method,different k-εturbulent model and were adopted to simulate the flow of the optimized vortex shaft spillway.The simulation results indicated that Realizable k-εturbulence model can better simulate the hydraulic characteristic of cavity gyrating flow with super high water-head,high velocity,strong rotary with free surface.The thickness of the rotating flow in shaft was uneven distributed.In the mainstream area,the thickness of the water was thicker than that of the non-mainstream.The attenuation gradient of tangential velocity of the rotating flow was gradual-ly reduced from top to bottom.In the upper part of the shaft potential energy,with the decrease of potential energy,the axial velocity in the upper part of the shaft increased rapidly.When reaching the middle and lower part of the shaft,the axial velocity of the rotating flow in the mainstream area was still increasing rapidly.But to the non-mainstream are-a,the axial velocity of the rotating flow increased slowly.Energy dissipation in vertical vortex spillway differed in dif-ferent parts.The upper part of shaft mainly eliminated the tangential kinetic energy of rotational flow;the middle part of the shaft mainly eliminated the axial energy of rotational flow;the lower part mainly used the annular hydraulic jump and water cushion to eliminate most of the residual kinetic energy of flow.

关 键 词：竖井旋流 数值模拟 湍流模型 水力特性 消能机理 

分 类 号：TV135.21[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]