亚麻酸微生物合成研究进展  

Research progress in the microbial synthesis of linolenic acid

作　　者：刘洪越 齐艳利 马姣 孙忠科 张高阳 李成伟 LIU Hongyue;QI Yanli;MA Jiao;SUN Zhongke;ZHANG Gaoyang;LI Chengwei(School of Biological Engineering,Henan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan,Luohe 462300,China;College of Life Science,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学生物工程学院,河南郑州450001 [2]中原食品实验室,河南漯河462300 [3]河南农业大学生命科学学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《河南工业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期143-152,共10页Journal of Henan University of Technology：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家“十四五”重点研发计划(2022YFD2101405);河南省重大科技专项(231100110300)。

摘　　要：亚麻酸是一种人体健康必需的功能性多不饱和脂肪酸,在医药和食品等多个行业中有着广泛的应用。微生物发酵法合成亚麻酸相较于传统动植物提取亚麻酸具有生产周期短、不受环境影响、生产效率稳定等显著优势。提高微生物法合成亚麻酸效率的关键在于两个方面:一是开发高产菌株,二是优化发酵策略。系统性地总结了亚麻酸合成的微生物来源,并深入探讨了亚麻酸微生物合成途径、合成路径关键酶的特性和功能、促进亚麻酸合成的基因工程策略和生产菌株的发酵优化方法等方面的研究进展,还分析了利用合成生物学技术改善微生物生产亚麻酸的潜力与挑战,通过设计和构建新的亚麻酸合成生物系统,为微生物生产亚麻酸提供新的可能性,以期为将来更好地利用微生物生产亚麻酸提供理论参考。Linolenic acid is a functional polyunsaturated fatty acid,which is essential for human health and therefore is widely applied in many fields such as medicine and food.Compared with traditional animal and plant extraction,linolenic acid synthesized by microbial fermentation has significant advantages such as short production cycle,little environmental impact,and stable production efficiency.The key to microbial synthesis of linolenic acid lies in two aspects:one is to develop high-yielding strains,and another one is to optimize the fermentation strategy.This review systematically summarizes the microbial sources of linolenic acid,and deeply discusses the microbial synthesis pathway of linolenic acid,the characteristics and func-tions of key enzymes in the synthesis pathway,genetic engineering strategies to promote linolenic acid syn-thesis,and fermentation optimization methods of production strains.This review also analyzes the potential and challenges of using synthetic biology technology to improve microbial production of linolenic acid.By designing and constructing new biological systems,new possibilities for microbial production of linolenic acid are provided,which is helpful for better utilizing microorganisms in the future.

关 键 词：亚麻酸 生物合成 微生物合成 路径改造 代谢调控 发酵优化 

分 类 号：Q936[生物学—微生物学]