水稻籼粳交后代抗倒伏性状的遗传及配合力分析  

Genetic correlation and combining ability of lodging resistance in offspring of indica-japonica hybrid rice

作　　者：梁莹莹 钱子燕 肖长春 李相宜 谢展文 王泓超 凌波 张玉婷 程祖锌 林荔辉 LIANG Yingying;QIAN Ziyan;XIAO Changchun;LI Xiangyi;XIE Zhanwen;WANG Hongchao;LING Bo;ZHANG Yuting;CHENG Zuxin;LIN Lihui(Fujian Engineering Technology Research Center of Breeding and Utilization for Special Crops,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization for Mountain Areas,Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanming,Fujian 365051,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省特种作物育种与利用工程技术研究中心,福建福州350002 [2]三明市农业科学研究院,福建省(山区)作物遗传改良与创新利用重点实验室,福建三明365051

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期587-597,共11页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：福建省科技厅引导性项目(2023N0005);福建省科技计划高校产学研合作项目(2022N5011);福建省(山区)作物遗传改良与创新利用重点实验室开放课题(2022SKF02)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过分析亲本及其杂种的遗传效应,为选育抗倒伏品种提供依据。【方法】系统评估了20个亲本的抗倒伏特性,采用不完全双列杂交(NC-Ⅱ,6×14)方法配制了84个杂交组合,考察了亲本及杂交组合在茎秆物理和解剖结构等16个抗倒伏性状上的表现,并估算了配合力和遗传参数。【结果】籼粳中间型亲本在茎秆的物理和解剖性状上均优于籼稻亲本。除基部第二节长外,其他14个性状与倒伏指数均表现出极显著的相关性。株高、基部抗折力、秆型指数、大维管束数和小维管束数对倒伏指数的直接通径系数分别为0.517、-0.566、0.189、-0.775和0.447。16个性状的广义遗传率为85.51%~99.12%,狭义遗传率为9.24%~79.04%。籼粳中间型恢复系对杂交后代的抗倒伏性状具有显著影响,而籼粳中间型不育系则能够降低后代的重心高度,提高抗折力。恢复系R105、R106、R108和不育系CS61、CS66、CS48在倒伏指数上的一般配合力为负值,而在基部抗折力、茎直径和茎壁厚上的一般配合力为正值,这使得在育种时容易选育出茎秆粗壮、基部抗折力较强的杂交后代。此外,R106、CS61和CS48在茎秆解剖性状上的一般配合力和组合特殊配合力均为正值,可有效增加后代组合的大、小维管束面积或数量。【结论】在水稻育种中,应根据亲本和组合的抗倒伏特性进行科学选配,实现优势互补,以培育出具有抗倒伏优势的籼粳杂交组合。【Objective】This study provided a scientific basis for the breeding of lodging resistance varieties by analyzing the genetic effect of rice parental materials and hybrid offspring.【Method】The lodging resistance of 20 rice parents were firstly evaluated,and then 84 hybrid combinations were set up by incomplete diallel hybridization(NC-Ⅱ,6×14),followed by the examinations on 16 lodging resistance characteristics such as stem physical and anatomical structure,as well as combining ability and other genetic parameters.【Result】The indica-japonica intermediate parents were superior to indica parents in stem physical and anatomical characteristics.Except for the 2nd segment length of the base,other 14 traits were significantly correlated with lodging indexes.The direct diameter coefficients of plant height,basal folding resistance,culm type index,large bundle number,and small bundle number towards lodging index were 0.517,-0.566,0.189,-0.775 and 0.447,respectively.The 16 traits had broad-sense heritability of 85.51%-99.12%,and narrow-sense heritability of 9.24%-79.04%.The indica-japonica intermediate restorer line exerted great influence on the lodging resistance of the hybrid offspring,while the indica-japonica intermediate sterile line could lower the height of gravity center of the offspring and enhance the flexural strength.The indica-japonica intermediate restorer lines R105,R106,and R108 and the sterile lines CS61,CS66,and CS48 had negative values of general combining ability for lodging index,and positive values of general combining ability for basal flexural strength,stem diameter,and stem wall thickness,imply the feasibility of breading hybrid progeny with strong stem and basal flexural strength.In addition,R106,CS61,and CS48 had positive values in the general combining ability and inter-combination specific combining ability of stalk anatomical and structural traits,which could potentially and effectively increase the area or number of large and small vascular bundles in the offspring.【Conclusio

关 键 词：水稻 籼粳交 抗倒伏性状 育种评价 配合力 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]