9种禾本科饲料植物在乌兰布和沙漠东缘的适应性及生产性能评价  

Evaluation on adaptability and production performance of 9 forage plant species(Gramineae)in the eastern edge of Ulanbuh Desert

作　　者：张丽丽[1,2] 罗宗志[1] 余世葵 苏德伟[1] 郑丹[1] 李春晓 易超 林辉[1] 谢晶 林冬梅[1] 林占熺[1] ZHANG Lili;LUO Zongzhi;YU Shikui;SU Dewei;ZHENG Dan;LI Chunxiao;YI Chao;LIN Hui;XIE Jing;LIN Dongmei;LIN Zhanxi(National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology;College of Juncao Science and Ecology(College of Carbon Neutrality),Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学国家菌草工程技术研究中心 [2]福建农林大学菌草与生态学院(碳中和学院),福建福州350002

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期696-703,共8页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2106303);中央引导地方发展专项(2022L304);福建省农业农村厅农业资源保护与利用专项(22001XA)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选对乌兰布和沙漠东缘适应性良好的饲料植物,旨在为挖掘沿黄沙漠地区高产优质牧草资源提供依据。【方法】以巨菌草、玉米、苏丹草、红高粱、‘绿洲1号’、紫象草、甜高粱、高丹草、华南象草9种禾本科饲料植物为研究对象,生长107 d后测定其农艺性状、产量、营养成分及经济效益,并采用灰色关联度分析法对其生产性能进行综合评价。【结果】巨菌草的株高最高,达298.89 cm,其鲜草和干草产量分别为168.18、38.68 t·hm^(-2),显著高于其他植物(P<0.05);9种植物的茎叶比为0.79~3.00,干鲜比为15.29~44.10,其中,紫象草的茎叶比、干鲜比最低;巨菌草单位耗水量下的鲜草产量最高;紫象草的粗蛋白含量最高,甜高粱的粗脂肪含量最高,玉米的酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量最低,而巨菌草的木质素含量最低;玉米、红高粱的总可消化养分含量、产奶净能较高;巨菌草净利润最高,为28888元·hm^(-2);生产性能综合评价排名前3位的植物依次为巨菌草、紫象草、甜高粱。【结论】巨菌草产量大、水肥利用率高、经济效益好、生产性能综合评价最高,在沿黄沙漠地区具有较广的推广前景。【Objective】Feed plants with good adaptability in the eastern edge of Ulanbuh Desert were screened to provide a theoretical basis for exploring high-yield and good-quality forage resources in the Yellow Desert area.【Method】Nine Gramineae forage plants,including Giant Juncao,silage maize,sudangrass,red sorghum,‘Lvzhou No.1’,Cenchrus purpureus,sweet sorghum,sor-ghum-sudangrass hybrid and elephant grass,were tested on agronomic traits,stem-leaf ratio,dry-fresh ratio,yield and nutrient content,and then were further comprehensively evaluated via cost benefit analysis and grey relational degree.【Result】Giant Juncao had the highest plant height of 298.89 cm,along with the greatest fresh and hay yields of 168.18 t·hm^(-2) and 38.68 t·hm^(-2)(P<0.05).The 9 plants had stem-leaf ratio of 0.79-3.00 and dry-fresh ratio of 15.29-44.10,among which C.purpureus was the lowest in these 2 indexes.Giant Juncao also had the highest fresh grass yield per unit of water consumed,while C.purpureus exhibited the highest crude protein content and sweet sorghum had the greatest crude fat content.Silage maize recorded the lowest levels of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber,whereas Giant Juncao showcased the lowest lignin content.Additionally,silage maize and red sorghum exhibited higher total digestible nutrients and net energy for gain.Overall,Giant Juncao was considered having the highest net profit of 28888 yuan·hm^(-2) by cost benefit analysis,and Giant Juncao,C.purpureus and sweet sorghum were the top 3 forage plants in comprehensive production performance by gray correlation method.【Conclusion】Giant Juncao,with merits of high yield,high water and fertilizer utilization efficiency,sound economic benefit and good production performance,is considered to have the potential to be planted along the edge of Yellow Desert.

关 键 词：禾本科饲料植物 适应性 生产性能 灰色关联分析 乌兰布和沙漠 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]