2018-2022年铜仁市老年恶性肿瘤流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of elderly malignant tumors in Tongren City in 2018-2022

作　　者：郑锐年 田娅敏[3] 杨丹 雷英俊 田镭 袁银胶 胡夏荣 罗锐娟 黄林旋 姚彪 ZHENG Ruinian;TIAN Yamin;YANG Dan;LEI Yingjun;TIAN Lei;YUAN Yinjiao;HU Xiarong;LUO Ruijuan;HUANG Linxuan;YAO Biao(Department of Oncology,Tongren People′s Hospital,Tongren,Guizhou 554300,China;Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research,Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Tumors,The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University(Dongguan people′s hospital),Dongguan,Guangdong 523059,China;Office of Administration,Tongren People′s Hospital,Tongren,Guizhou 554300,China;Department of General Surgery,the Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University(Dongguan People′s Hospital),Dongguan,Guangdong 523059,China;Department of Breast Surgery,the Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University(Dongguan People′s Hospital),Dongguan,Guangdong 523059,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州铜仁市人民医院肿瘤科,贵州铜仁554300 [2]南方医科大学第十附属医院(东莞市人民医院)肿瘤科,东莞市肿瘤临床医学研究所,东莞市肿瘤精准诊疗重点实验室,广东东莞523059 [3]铜仁市人民医院对外医疗办,贵州铜仁554300 [4]南方医科大学第十附属医院(东莞市人民医院)普外科,广东东莞523059 [5]南方医科大学第十附属医院(东莞市人民医院)乳腺科,广东东莞523059

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2024年第5期85-88,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：东莞市社会发展科技项目(20211800905222,20221800901582);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2021B1515140031,2020A1515110029,2021A1515010156,2022A1515140134)。

摘　　要：目的分析贵州铜仁市2018—2022年间的新增老年恶性肿瘤病例的流行病学特征,为该地区老年恶性肿瘤防控提供理论依据。方法调取铜仁市人民医院2018—2022年5年期间首次经病理诊断为恶性肿瘤且确诊时60周岁及以上病例,根据国际疾病分类(ICD-10),回顾性分析病例的流行病学特点。结果铜仁市老年恶性肿瘤发病率由2018年的123.83/10万,上升至2022年的126.14/10万,发病率呈现先上升后下降趋势。发病率前5位肿瘤分别为肺癌、直肠癌、肝癌、胃癌以及宫颈癌,历年肿瘤顺位除肺癌居首位无变化外,其他肿瘤顺位均变化。肺癌为所有年龄段老年人群的主要高发肿瘤,随着年龄增长,膀胱癌发病人数明显增加,结肠癌发病人数也呈现上升趋势。不同性别老年人群其肺癌(χ^(2)=16.032,P=0.014)、肝癌(χ^(2)=8.099,P=0.030)、膀胱癌(χ^(2)=11.274,P=0.018)、胃癌(χ^(2)=19.387,P=0.011)患病率表现为男性普遍高于女性,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肺癌、直肠癌、肝癌作为老年顺位靠前、病例构成比较高且上升较快的恶性肿瘤可作为铜仁市老年恶性肿瘤早期筛查和防治重点,且男性人群应给予更多关注。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of new elderly malignant tumor cases in Tongren City from 2018 to 2022,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of elderly malignant tumor in this area.Methods A retrospective analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of cases aged 60 and above who were first diagnosed with malignant tumors by pathology in our hospital from 2018 to 2022 was conducted based on the International Classification of Diseases(ICD-10).Results The incidence rate of elderly malignant tumors in Tongren City increased from 123.83/100000 in 2018 to 126.14/100000 in 2022,and the incidence rate showed a trend of first rising and then declining.The top five tumors in incidence rate are lung cancer,rectal cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer and cervical cancer.The tumor order has changed over the years except lung cancer,which was the first.Lung cancer was the main high incidence tumor among the elderly of all ages.With the increase of age,the number of bladder cancer patients increases significantly,and the number of colon cancer patients also shows an upward trend.The prevalence rate of lung cancer(χ^(2)=16.032,P=0.014),liver cancer(χ^(2)=8.099,P=0.030),bladder cancer(χ^(2)=11.274,P=0.018),and gastric cancer(χ^(2)=19.387,P=0.011)in elderly people of different sexes was generally higher in men than in women,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Lung cancer,rectal cancer and liver cancer,as the malignant tumors with high case composition and rapid increase in the elderly,can be the focus of early screening and prevention of malignant tumors in the elderly in Tongren City,and men should pay more attention.

关 键 词：老年人 恶性肿瘤 患病率 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]