湖北地区流感病例临床特征和流行病学分析  

Clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Hubei

作　　者：王睿[1] 肖瑞丰 李傲 张启飞 刘冰[1] WANG Rui;XIAO Ruifeng;LI Ao;ZHANG Qifei;LIU Bing(Hubei Medical College Health Management and Health Development Research Center,Shiyan,Hubei 442000,China;School of Public Health and Health,Hubei Medical College,Shiyan,Hubei 442000,China;Outpatient Department of Taihe Hospital,Shiyan,Hubei 442000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北医药学院卫生管理与卫生事业发展研究中心,湖北十堰442000 [2]湖北医药学院公共卫生与健康学院,湖北十堰442000 [3]十堰市太和医院门诊部,湖北十堰442000

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2024年第5期93-96,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的探究湖北地区流感病例临床特征和流行病学分析。方法选取2020年1月至2022年12月于十堰市太和医院收治的疑似流感病毒感染患者的咽拭子标本,以荧光定量聚合酶链反应进行病毒核酸检测与病毒分型分析,收集患者的流行病学资料及临床资料,分析流感病毒的临床特征及流行病学特点。结果研究共检测临床标本16500例,阳性检出率为16.27%(2684/16500),其中甲型流感病毒检测的阳性检出率为5.10%(862/16500),乙型流感病毒阳性检出率为10.13%(1672/16500),混合流感阳性检出率为0.91%(150/16500)。2020—2022年流感病毒的阳性检出率呈上升趋势,2022年的流感病毒阳性检出率达到了18.43%。从流感分布的季节分析,春季(18.23%)与冬季(19.72%)的阳性检出率最高(P<0.05)。从流感分布的年龄来看,<12岁(19.14%)的患者阳性检出率最高,其次为>60岁(17.71%)的患者(P<0.05)。2020—2022年男性流感病毒的阳性检出率(16.89%)高于女性流感病毒的阳性检出率(15.63%)(P<0.05)。甲型流感病毒感染的主要临床症状为发热(86.89%)、咳嗽(80.27%),乙型流感病毒感染的主要临床症状为咳嗽(92.52%)、发热(86.06%);混合感染的主要临床症状咳嗽(94.00%)、发热(88.00%)、流涕(86.00%)。结论湖北地区2020—2022年流感病毒主要以乙型流感病毒为主,且呈逐年上升趋势,冬季及春季高发、儿童和老年人高发,临床症状以咳嗽及发热为主。Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Hubei.Methods Pharyngeal swab specimens from 16500 patients with suspected influenza infection admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected.Viral detection and serotyping were performed by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Furthermore,the epidemiological and clinical data of patients were collected to analyze the clinical features and epidemiological characteristics of influenza viruses.Results A total of 16500 clinical specimens were tested in this study,with a positive detection rate of 16.27%(2684/16500).The positive detection rate was 5.10%(862/16500)for influenza A virus,10.13%(1672/16500)for influenza B virus and 0.91%(150/16500)for mixed influenza.The positive detection rate of influenza viruses was on the rise from 2020 to 2022,reaching 18.43%in 2022.Seasonal distribution analysis denoted that the highest positive detection rates were observed in spring(18.23%)and winter(19.72%),with statistical difference(P<0.05).In terms of age distribution,patients<12 years(19.14%)had the highest positive detection rate,followed by those>60 years(17.71%),with statistical difference(P<0.05).From 2020 to 2022,the positive detection rate of influenza virus was 16.89%in males,which was higher than 15.63%in females(P<0.05).The main clinical symptoms were fever(86.89%)and cough(80.27%)for influenza A virus infections,cough(92.52%)and fever(86.06%)for influenza B virus infections,and cough(94.00%),fever(88.00%)and runny nose(86.00%)for mixed infections.Conclusion The influenza B viruses are the leading cause of influenza in Hubei from 2020 to 2022,and the infection demonstrates an increasing annual trend,with a high prevalence in winter and spring.Furthermore,children and the elderly are high-risk populations,and clinical manifestions are mainly cough and fever.

关 键 词：流行性感冒 流行特征 临床特征 流感病毒分型 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]