计算性设计在种植设计中的研究进展  

Research Progress of Computational Design in Planting Design

作　　者：李金诺 马玥祺 尹豪[1,2] LI Jinnuo;MA Yueqi;YIN Hao(the School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University;the Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院 [2]城乡生态环境北京实验室

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第9期51-58,共8页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：北京林业大学热点追踪项目“城市人居环境植物景观资源应用水平与提升策略研究”(编号2022BLRD05);北京市共建项目“北京城乡节约型绿地营造技术与功能型植物材料高效繁育”(编号2019GJ-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】计算性设计实现了种植设计的智能化,梳理计算性设计在种植设计中的应用具有理论和实践价值。【方法】综合利用文献计量分析法和叙述性综述分析法,归纳计算性设计在种植设计中的概念及分类,统计相关文献的发表时间、研究方法、研究对象和方向的变化趋势,并总结具体的应用情况。【结果】计算性设计在种植设计中经历了参数化设计、算法设计和生成式设计3个发展阶段:1)参数化设计应用最广泛,常用于城市公园内的植物群落配置设计;2)算法设计包括元胞自动机(cellular automata,CA)和多智能体系统(multi-agent system,MAS),CA常应用于城市森林中仿自然的植物群落配置设计,MAS多用于组织多方共同设计;3)生成式设计包括深度神经网络(deep neural networks,DNN)和混合智能系统(hybrid intelligence systems,HIS),目前多应用于城市公园的植物空间布局设计中,但生成结果不稳定且精细度不足。【结论】计算性设计提升了种植设计的科学性,但仍需在种植设计共享数据库搭建、将质性因子融入算法、智能系统融合、理论与实践结合等方向继续发展。[Objective]Planting design is a non-linear process that must simultaneously consider the scientific configuration of plant communities and the artistic and practical aspects of spatial creation.The diverse requirements in this field make traditional planting design rely heavily on the experience accumulation of designers,resulting in a certain degree of subjectivity.Computational design organizes the elements of planting design through algorithms,potentially replacing human cognitive process with machine.This presents new opportunities for intelligent planting design.Therefore,this research aims to summarize the research progress of computational design in the context of planting design.[Methods]This research utilizes Web of Science(WoS)and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)as data sources,and employs both bibliometric analysis and narrative review methodologies to statistically analyze and synthesize the literature collected.1)Bibliometric analysis:By virtue of COOC 14.9 and Citespace 6.3.R2,visual knowledge maps of 330 publications in the landscape architecture field are constructed with a focus on development stages and emergence timelines,based on which the trends and dynamics of computational design in landscape architecture are elucidated,with a specific emphasis on planting design.2)Narrative review:Of the 330 publications,by reviewing their titles and abstracts,24 ones relevant to planting and computational design are selected.These publications are then categorized and analyzed based on computational design techniques,research directions,and specific research objects within planting design.[Results]Between 2009 and 2023,the number of research on computational design in planting design has shown an overall upward trend.In terms of research objects,urban parks serve as the most significant research object with the largest number of publications,with recent trends extending to urban forests.Avenue trees and vertical greening also show significant potential.Regarding research directions,plant comm

关 键 词：风景园林 人工智能 机器学习 深度学习 算法 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]