城市高架桥下新自然生境重建模式及维持策略——以上海市为例  

Research on Reconstruction Patterns and Maintenance Strategies of New Natural Habitats Under the Shade of Urban Viaducts:A Case Study of Shanghai City

作　　者：邢强[1,2] 刘静 胡永红 XING Qiang;LIU Jing;HU Yonghong(Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden;the School of Life Sciences,Fudan University;the School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,Shanghai Institute of Technology)

机构地区：[1]上海辰山植物园 [2]复旦大学生命科学学院 [3]上海应用技术大学化学与环境工程学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第9期86-93,共8页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：上海市绿化和市容管理局科研专项“根域体积限制对植物根系构型及生理功能的影响”(编号G242422);国家自然科学基金面上项目“光绿组合模式下的屋面绿化夏季调温综合效能及其影响因素研究”(编号52378072);上海市科委“科技创新行动计划”“城市低光照区域立体绿化技术集成”(编号16DZ1204900)。

摘　　要：【目的】城市高架桥下低光照、高污染、强干旱的特殊生境,严重影响了植物健康生长。构建高架桥“植物筛选—生境营造—可持续运维”的立体绿化体系,重建城市高架桥下新自然生境,可以有效改善城市高架桥下生境与人居环境,提高城市生物多样性。【方法】基于生境相似性原理,运用适应性、观赏性、功能性3层过滤模式筛选适生植物;制定“建筑-设施-介质”一体化策略;提出实现高架桥下立体绿化自维持运营的创新模式。【结果】筛选出了27种适宜种植于高架桥下特殊生境的抗性强的适生植物,丰富了高架桥下特殊生境的植物多样性,使植物单次更换周期延长至5年以上;研发出集适生植物、轻型栽培介质、叠垒式种植容器、浇灌系统、雨水收集净化设施于一体的新型立体绿化模块,支撑植物长期保持良好的生长状态,同时实现了雨水资源化利用、污染源头控制和城市雨水消纳等多重目标;在景观形式上,将平面绿化拓展到立体绿化,复合利用大量已建成的城市灰色空间来增绿、填绿,预期可为上海市增加0.3 m^(2)的人均绿化面积;创新性地提出以“绿”促“商”、以“商”养“管”的运维模式,建立了上海虹梅高架桥下立体绿化新模式示范段。【结论】通过研发城市典型的低光照区域立体绿化技术,集成了新型立体绿化模块,将覆盖面广、连通性强的城市狭长污染线——城市高架桥下空间转型为生命景观线、生物多样性廊道,为城市可持续发展提供重要的生态、经济效益。[Objective]Urbanization has led the development of cities in the direction of“high population density”and“high-rise buildings”,causing social and environmental problems.The improvement of urban carrying capacity and the mixed use of public space become the main strategies for solving“urban diseases”such as heat island,waterlogging,and biodiversity loss.Naturebased Solutions(Nb S)are proposed for urban greening by using modern technologies to enhance the adaptability of plants in cities and increase the comfort of urban environments.Urban viaducts can provide convenient transportation and efficient travel for high-density cities,but at the same time generate ecological and spatial problems.A three-dimensional greening system of“plant screening–habitat construction–sustainable operation and maintenance”for viaducts is constructed to explore the feasibility of reconstructing urban viaducts into a network of new natural habits,aiming to improve the habitat of urban hard space and enhance urban biodiversity.[Methods]Shanghai Censhan Botanical Garden develops a planting plan from three dimensions of species selecting,habitat optimization,and commercial development,to achieve the construction of a new nature in the city.Based on field investigation,this research has established a resource base of 120 plant candidates that may be adapted to three-dimensional greening in low-light areas.We set up a three-factor and four-level test of shading,drought,and low temperature,counted the survival rate of different plants,and recorded the phenological and physical appearance characteristics with a focus on the testing and calculation of plants.The research focuses on testing and calculating plants'photosynthetic indexes,and assisting in testing physiological indexes,so as to establish a three-dimensional greening plant evaluation model for low-light areas.The research applies a three-layer filtering sieve of ecological adaptability,ornamentality,and functionality to screen suitable plants.The research establis

关 键 词：风景园林 环境修复 特殊生境 立体绿化 土壤改良 植物筛选 雨水利用 

分 类 号：TU984.115[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] TU985.14TU986