低生育率背景下国家与社会对家庭养育的支持构建  

Construction of National and Social Support for Family Rearing in the Context of Low Fertility Rate

作　　者：吕春娟 LYU Chunjuan

机构地区：[1]兰州财经大学,730101

出　　处：《中华女子学院学报》2024年第5期22-30,共9页Journal of China Women＇s University

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“全面两孩视域下分担未成年人养育成本的制度设计”的后期成果,项目编号:17XFX019。

摘　　要：2022年我国人口出生率首次呈现负增长,也是人口自然增长率连续下降的第6年,低生育率已然成为我国经济社会发展的掣肘。面临如此国情,提振生育率则是当下的核心问题。基于当前我国人口的国情,提出相应的支持家庭养育的建议:立法倡导男性休陪产假,增设夫妻育儿假,择情增设妊娠假,扩大带薪产假范围,提高生育保障覆盖范围;国家与社会提供多元化普惠性的婴幼儿照护服务机构并加强其准入与运行的监管;扩大带薪产假的覆盖率;提高分娩报销比例,增加生殖报销项目等具体措施;全社会需重塑关爱孕哺期女性的社会观念与文化,保障哺乳期女性拥有符合母婴需求的哺乳环境;同时,提升用人单位对潜在生育压力的应对能力,在保障女性职工劳动权与生育权基础上,建立生育保障基金,旨在减轻用人单位的潜在损失,从而惠及每一个育儿家庭,进而释放他们继续生育的潜能。In 2022,China's birth rate showed negative growth for the first time,and it is also the sixth consecutive year of declining natural population growth rate,and low fertility has become a constraint on China's economic and social development.In the face of such conditions,boosting the fertility rate is the core issue at present.Based on the current national conditions of China's population,the article puts forward corresponding suggestions to support family rearing:legislate to advocate men to take paternity leave,set up parental leave for couples,set up pregnancy leave according to the circumstances,expand the scope of paid maternity leave,and improve the coverage of maternity protection;the state and society should provide diversified and inclusive infant care service institutions and strengthen the supervision of their entry and operation;expand access to paid maternity leave;adopt specific measures such as increasing the reimbursement rate for childbirth and increasing the reimbursement items for reproduction;the whole society needs to rebuild the social concept and culture of caring for pregnant women,and ensure that breastfeeding women have a lactation environment that meets the needs of mother and child;improve the ability of employers to cope with potential fertility pressure;and on the basis of protecting the labor rights and reproductive rights of female employees,establish a maternity security fund aimed to reduce the potential losses of employers,so as to benefit every child-rearing family and release their potential to continue to bear children.

关 键 词：家庭养育 立法支持 友好的生育文化 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]