论儿童最大利益原则在我国立法和司法上的体现——兼以民法典婚姻家庭编司法解释(二)(征求意见稿)第13条为例  

On the Embodiment of the Principle of the Best Interests of the Child in Chinese Legislation and Judicial System:Taking Article 13 of the Judicial Interpretation of the Marriage and Family Part of the Civil Code(II)(Draft for Comments)as an Example

作　　者：左玉迪 ZUO Yudi

机构地区：[1]中华女子学院(全国妇联干部培训学院)法学院,100101

出　　处：《中华女子学院学报》2024年第5期31-36,共6页Journal of China Women＇s University

基　　金：国家社科基金“制度型开放背景下国际投资协定与中国行政法的冲突与协调研究”的阶段性成果,项目编号:23CFX073。

摘　　要：《儿童权利公约》所阐明的儿童最大利益原则在我国相关法律和司法解释中有中国本土式的表达,即我国《民法典》《未成年人保护法》和征求意见稿等中的“最有利于未成年子女的原则”。与《司法解释(一)》部分条款体现父母权利本位倾向不同,在父母双方均要求直接抚养已满两周岁的未成年子女时,征求意见稿第13条严格遵循最有利于未成年子女的原则,从未成年子女利益保护视角处理离婚案件中的抚养权纠纷,以否定事由的方式排除了实施家庭暴力等严重不端品行的父或母一方的直接抚养权。此外,建议增加“有抢夺、藏匿未成年子女等行为侵害监护权、探望权”的情形,以展示司法者对未成年子女利益的特殊人文关怀。The principle of the best interests of children as stated in the Convention on the Rights of the Child has a local expression in relevant laws and judicial interpretations in China,namely,the"principle of the best interests of minors"in Chinese Civil Code,Law on the Protection of Minors and the Draft for Comments.Unlike some provisions of the Judicial Interpretation(I)that reflect the tendency of parental rights,when both parents request to directly raise a minor child who is over two years old,the article 13 of the Draft for Comments strictly follows the principle of the best interests of minors,handles custody disputes in divorce cases from the perspective of protecting the interests of minors,and excludes the direct custody rights of the father or mother who commits serious misconduct such as domestic violence by denying the grounds.It is recommended to add the situation of"infringing the guardianship and visitation rights by snatching and hiding minors"to show the special humanistic care of the judiciary for the interests of minors.

关 键 词：儿童最大利益 最有利于未成年子女的原则 征求意见稿第13条 否定事由 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]