清代徽人墓地、祭祀与认同的时空延续——以歙县桂溪项氏一族为中心的案例研究  

The Spatial-Temporal Continuity of Ancestral Tombs,Rituals,and Identity among the Hui People during the Qing Dynasty——A Case Study of the Xiang Clan in Guixi,Shexian County

作　　者：陆屹洲 裴奕 LU Yizhou;PEI Yi(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Evaluation Studies,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100005,China;Department of International Public Policy,Osaka University,Osaka 5650871,Japan)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院中国社会科学评价研究院,北京100005 [2]日本大阪大学国际公共政策研究科,日本大阪5650871

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期24-36,共13页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Soc.Sci.)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“清代农家账簿中的乡村经济和社会史料整理与研究”(22&ZD078)。

摘　　要：清代前后的徽州地区因其特殊的时空条件成为一个持续高输出的移民祖籍地。这在催生“徽商”现象的同时也推动了徽人认同的复杂变迁,而后者则尚未得到历史学界与社会科学界深入研究。本文以宗族祭祀为切口,系统地比较和分析了清代桂溪项氏徽人认同离散聚合的案例。研究发现,徽人认同的时空延续既离不开个体对群体的归属,也离不开群体对个体的承认。事实上并非所有满足成文条件的族人都被记入“祔享中龕神主”神主名单,而祭祀的“选择性失格”则很可能意味着认同的“选择性失能”。进一步分析发现,在外族人亡故后墓地的地理位置则很可能是决定宗族对其承认的关键隐藏条件。在此基础上,本文还延伸探讨了文化因素与经济因素在影响群体认同时的复杂互动关系。In the Qing Dynasty,the Huizhou region experienced a continuous influx of emigrants due to its unique historical and spatial conditions.This phenomenon not only contributed to the emergence of the "Hui merchants" but also facilitated the evolution of the Hui people's identity.The latter aspect,however,has yet to be thoroughly investigated within the fields of history and social sciences.This paper uses lineage rituals as a point of entry to systematically compare and analyze the case of the Xiang clan in Guixi,exploring the aggregation and dispersion of Hui identity during the Qing Dynasty.Our study reveals that the spatial-temporal continuity of Hui people's identity is closely intertwined with both individual affiliations to groups and groups' recognition of individuals.Interestingly,not all clan members who meet the written conditions were included in the "gods in the niche" list,and this "selective disqualification" of rituals may imply a corresponding "selective dysfunction" of identity recognition.Further analysis indicates that the geographical location of the tombs of deceased clan members may be the crucial hidden factor for determining the clan's recognition of them.On this basis,this paper also delves into the intricate interplay between cultural and economic factors in shaping group identity.

关 键 词：清代 徽州 墓地 认同 宗族社会 

分 类 号：F129[经济管理—世界经济]