基于波数分析的扰流板风噪声仿真与优化  

Simulation and optimization of spoiler wind noise based on wavenumberfrequency analysis

作　　者：杜敏韬 宋俊 叶斌 陈耀钦 周万田 江财茂 龙良活 DU Mintao;SONG Jun;YE Bin;CHEN Yaoqin;ZHOU Wantian;JIANG Caimao;LONG Lianghuo(GAC Automotive Research&Development Center,Guangzhou 511434,China)

机构地区：[1]广州汽车集团股份有限公司汽车工程研究院,广州511434

出　　处：《空气动力学学报》2024年第7期69-76,I0002,共9页Acta Aerodynamica Sinica

摘　　要：近年来,后扰流板风噪声成为汽车研究的热点,然而,其产生机理尚未完全清楚,同时,工程上的降噪也是亟待解决的难点。为了研究汽车后扰流板风噪声的产生机理并降低其对车内噪声的影响,首先,基于格子玻尔兹曼算法进行了可压缩非定常整车外流场仿真,通过统计能量分析法计算车内噪声响应,并利用风洞试验验证了计算结果的准确性。然后,采用可直观显示噪声源位置的波数分析方法,对玻璃面压力进行分解,得到湍流压力载荷和声压载荷,同时结合噪声频谱的分析结果,发现:后扰流板的低频噪声峰值主要由周期性脱落涡带来的声压以及涡旋和玻璃面作用带来的湍流脉动压力共同导致,而高频噪声峰值主要由高速气流引起的辐射声压导致。最后,提出了一个优化后的扰流板设计,使得车内噪声频谱低频段声压级降低了5.5 dB(A),高频段声压级降低了14 dB(A)。In recent times,rear spoiler wind noise has garnered significant attention.However,the lack of understanding of its mechanism has prevented the development of effective noise reduction methods.To address this issue,we conducted a study on its mechanism with the aim to reduce its influence on the interior noise.Using the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM),we simulated the compressible and unsteady flow fields around a vehicle.Statistical energy analysis was then used to obtain the interior noise,which was validated by wind tunnel tests.Next,to locate the noise source,we employed the wave number analysis method to decompose the pressure at the glass surface into the turbulent and acoustic parts.The results indicate that the low-frequency spectrum peak of the interior noise is primarily attributed to the sound pressure induced by periodic vortex shedding and the fluctuating turbulent pressure by the interaction between vortices and glass surface.The high-frequency spectrum peak is mainly due to the radiated acoustic pressure generated by high-speed air flows.Finally,we proposed an optimized rear spoiler which can reduce the low-and high-frequency spectrum peaks of the interior noise by 5.5 dB(A)and 14 dB(A),respectively.This optimized design offers a promising solution to reduce wind noise and enhance driving comfort.

关 键 词：可压缩 格子玻尔兹曼算法 波数分析 扰流板 风噪声 

分 类 号：U463.835[机械工程—车辆工程]