不同比例有机肥替代化肥对甜菜植株养分及产量的影响  

Effects of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer in different proportions and plant nutrients and sugar beet yield

作　　者：鲁伟丹 周远航 马小龙[1] 高江龙 樊晓琴 郭建富[1] 李健强 林明[1] LU Weidan;ZHOU Yuanhang;MA Xiaolong;GAO Jianglong;FAN Xiaoqin;GUO Jianfu;LI Jianqiang;LIN Ming(Manas Agricultural Experimental Station,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Scinences,Manas Xinjiang 832299,China;College of Plant Protection,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院玛纳斯农业试验站,新疆玛纳斯832299 [2]中国农业大学植物保护学院,北京100193

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第7期1631-1639,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-170724);新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目(xjnkq-2022009);轻小型种子特殊加工工艺研究与生产(2022PT01-2);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同比例有机肥替代化肥对土壤养分含量、植株养分吸收量、肥料利用率以及甜菜产量和质量的影响,为甜菜高产稳产、土壤培肥提供科学施肥依据。【方法】试验共设置7个处理:不施肥对照(CK),常规施肥(CF),腐殖酸有机肥替代10%化肥(10%HF),腐殖酸有机肥替代20%化肥(20%HF),腐殖酸有机肥替代30%化肥(30%HF),腐殖酸有机肥替代40%化肥(40%HF),腐殖酸有机肥替代50%化肥(50%HF)。测定土壤养分、甜菜植株养分吸收量以及甜菜干物质积累量、产量和品质。【结果】腐殖酸有机肥替代部分化肥处理较常规施肥处理增加土壤有机肥含量2.37%~7.38%;碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾分别增加1.07%~11.39%、10.65%~37.83%、6.04%~14.68%,30%HF与处理40%HF分别较CF处理显著增产16.91%与17.65%。【结论】腐殖酸有机肥替代不同比例化肥较常规施用化肥可以显著提升土壤养分含量,提高甜菜植株养分吸收量,增加甜菜干物质积累量、减施化肥、培肥土壤、增加产量,其中有机肥替代30%化肥处理增产与培肥地力的效果较优。【Objective】To explore the effects of different proportions of organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers on soil nutrient content,plant nutrient uptake,fertilizer utilization rate and sugar beet yield,so as to provide a scientific fertilizer program for achieving high and stable crop yield and soil fertilizer cultivation.【Methods】A total of 7 treatments were set up:No fertilization control(CK),household conventional fertilization(CF),humic acid organic fertilizer replacing 10%chemical fertilizer(10%HF),humic acid organic fertilizer replacing 20%chemical fertilizer(20%HF),humic acid organic fertilizer replacing 30%chemical fertilizer(30%HF),humic acid organic fertilizer replacing 40%chemical fertilizer(40%HF),Humic acid organic fertilizer replacing 50%chemical fertilizer(50%HF).Soil nutrients,nutrient uptake by sugar beet plants,dry matter accumulation and sugar beet yield were measured.【Results】The results showed that compared with conventional fertilizer treatment,the content of organic fertilizer in soil was increased by 2.37%-7.38%by humic acid fertilizer.Alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 1.07%-11.39%,10.65%-37.83%and 6.04%-14.68%,respectively.30%HF and 40%HF increased significantly by 16.91%and 17.65%compared with CF treatment,respectively.【Conclusion】Compared with conventional application of chemical fertilizer by farmers,organic humic acid fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer in different proportions can significantly increase soil nutrient content,increase nutrient uptake of beet plants,increase dry matter accumulation of beet,and achieve the purpose of reducing chemical fertilizer,changing soil and increasing yield.Among them,organic fertilizer instead of 30%chemical fertilizer treatment has the better effect of increasing yield and improving soil fertility.

关 键 词：腐殖酸有机肥 甜菜 产量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学]