苹果杂种后代抗寒性遗传规律分析  

Studies on the heredity disciplinarian of cold hardiness of hybrids progenies of apples

作　　者：宋梅 布卡·欧尔娜 李国萍 凌益章 SONG Mei;Buka Ouerna;LI Guoping;LING Yizhang(Agricultural Science Research Institute of the Seventh Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Kuitun Xinjiang 833200,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第七师农业科学研究所,新疆奎屯833200

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第7期1689-1695,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：“兵团英才”支持计划-骨干人才。

摘　　要：【目的】研究新疆北疆苹果杂种后代抗寒性的遗传规律,筛选出抗寒性强的苹果新品种,为新疆苹果抗寒选育奠定基础。【方法】以苹果品种花红×元帅、国光×花红、冬立蒙×花红等3个组合的杂种一代(F_(1)代),以及赤阳×新红(花红×元帅)、金冠×新光(国光×花红)、金冠×新冬(冬立蒙×花红)等3个组合的杂种二代(F_(2)代)为材料,分析苹果杂种F_(1)代、F_(2)代抗寒力性状和F_(1)代与大苹果重交的后代抗寒力遗传倾向,以及抗寒小苹果与大苹果正反交杂种组合的抗寒力。【结果】抗寒力杂种苗F_(1)代为26.45%,而F_(2)代仅1.35%,F_(2)代较F_(1)代降低了25.1%。F_(2)代均比F_(1)代变异率高,其中以金冠×新光(国光×花红)组合变异率最高。各级次出现株数顺序为4级>2级>3级>1级>0级。【结论】抗寒小苹果与不抗寒大苹果杂交,杂种后代在抗寒力受小苹果影响很大,小苹果有很强的遗传能力,以抗寒力强的F_(1)代作亲本与大苹果杂交,F_(2)代抗寒力显著降低;用不抗寒大苹果和抗寒小苹果互为父母本杂交时,以抗寒小苹果为母本显著优于其作父本者。【Objective】This project aims to screen out new apple varieties with strong cold hardiness by studying the heredity disciplinarian of cold hardiness in apple hybrid progenies,so as to lay a foundation for the development of coldhardiness breeding of apples in North Xinjiang.【Methods】The F_(1) generations hybrid progeny of Huahong×uanshuai,Guoguang×Huahong,Donglimeng×Huahong,and the F_(2) generations hybrid progeny of Chiyang×Xinhong(Huahong×Yuanshuai),Jinguan×Xinguang(Guoguang×Huahong),Jinguan×Xindong(Donglimeng×Huahong),were used as test materials.The genetic tendency of cold hardiness in the first and second generations of apple hybrids,the offspring of recrossing between F_(1) generation and big apple,and the reciprocal hybrid combinations of small apple with cold resistance and big apple were investigated.【Results】F_(1) has a cold resistance of 26.45%,and F_(2) is only 1.35%.The F_(2) generation has decreased by 25.1%compared the F_(1) generation.F_(2) generation has a higher mutation rate than F_(1) generation,among them,the combination of Jinguan×Xinguang(Guoguang×Huahong)has the highest variation rate.The order of the number of plants appearing at each level is level 4>level 2>level 3>level 1>level 0.【Conclusion】After the small cold resistance apples were hybridized with excellent big apples,the cold hardiness of filial generation was affected greatly by small apples.Small apples had strong hereditary capacity.When F_(1) generation with strong cold hardiness was crossed with big apple,the cold resistance of F_(2) generation decreased significantly.When reciprocal cross between the big apples without cold hardiness and small apples with cold hardiness were carried out,the small apples with cold hardiness as female parents were significantly better than them as male parents.

关 键 词：苹果 杂种后代 抗寒性 遗传规律 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]