薯—稻轮作模式下播种密度对旱直播水稻产量的影响  

Effects of Sowing Density on Yield of Dry Direct Seeding Rice under Potato-rice Rotation System

作　　者：朱海平[1] 王耀伟 欧阳怡平 李贵勇[1] 李如会 田淑玲 李秉菊 杨从党[1] ZHU Haiping;WANG Yaowei;OUYANG Yiping;LI Guiyong;LI Ruhui;TIAN Shuling;LI Bingju;YANG Congdang(Institute of Food Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650200,China;Institute of Agricultural Science of Lincang City,Lincang 677099,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,云南昆明650200 [2]临沧市农业科学研究所,云南临沧677099

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期1-8,共8页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202402AE090007);国家水稻产业技术体系重点项目(CARS-01-07B)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明高地力条件下旱直播水稻播种密度对群体质量和产量的影响。【方法】在云南省冬马铃薯—水稻(以下简称“薯—稻”)轮作高地力土壤上进行田间试验,以超级杂交籼稻F优498为供试品种,设置行穴距30 cm×13 cm(CK)、30 cm×11 cm(D1)、30 cm×15 cm(D2)、30 cm×17 cm(D3)和30 cm×19 cm(D4)共5种播种密度,比较不同密度对出苗质量、茎蘖动态、叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、干物质积累转运特征以及产量及其构成因素的影响。【结果】随着播种密度的减小,有效穗数逐渐减少,单穴茎蘖数逐渐增加,每穗粒数显著增加,使总颖花量维持在4.4×10^(8)/hm^(2)以上。不同播种密度在维持适宜LAI的同时,随着播种密度的减小,齐穗后干物质积累量和积累率增加,提高了收获指数,从而使产量保持在较高水平(12.0 t/hm^(2)以上)。【结论】在薯—稻轮作模式下,将旱直播水稻播种密度调减至30 cm×19 cm,有利于齐穗后干物质的积累,增加每穗粒数,实现产量的稳定高效,并具有节本增效的作用。[Purpose]To investigate the effects of sowing density on population quality and grain yield of dry direct seeding rice under high fertility conditions.[Methods]A field experiment was conducted in high fertility soils under a potato-rice rotation system in Yunnan Province.The super hybrid indica rice variety,F You498,was used,and five sowing densities were tested:row and hole spacing with 30 cm×13 cm(CK),30 cm×11 cm(D1),30 cm×15 cm(D2),30 cm×17 cm(D3),and 30 cm×19 cm(D4).The effects of different densities on seedling emergence quality,tiller dynamics,leaf area index(LAI),dry matter accumulation and transport characteristics,yield and its components were compared.[Results]With the decrease of seeding density,the number of effective panicle decreased gradually,the number of single hole tillers increased gradually,and the number of grains per panicle increased significantly,so that the total spikelets were maintained above 4.4×10^(8)/hm^(2).The appropriate LAI was maintained with different densities,and with the decrease of seeding density,dry matter accumulation and accumulation rate after full ear increased,and the harvest index was improved,so that the grain yield was maintained at a high level(12.0 t/hm^(2)or more).[Conclusion]Under the potato-rice rotation system,reducing the sowing density of dry direct seeding rice to 30 cm×19 cm promotes dry matter accumulation after full heading stage,increases grain number per panicle,and achieves stable high yields,with cost-saving and efficiency-enhancing effects.

关 键 词：水稻 旱直播 密度 产量 干物质转运 

分 类 号：S344.15[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]