政策工具视角下乡村生活空间政策变迁分析——基于中央一号文件的政策文本量化分析  

Analysis of the Evolution of Rural Living Space Policy From the Perspective of Policy Tools:A Quantitative Analysis of Policy Texts Based on the No.1 Central Document

作　　者：张园林 刘玉亭[2] ZHANG Yuanlin;LIU Yuting

机构地区：[1]厦门大学建筑与土木工程学院,福建厦门361005 [2]华南理工大学建筑学院/亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室,广东广州510641

出　　处：《城市发展研究》2024年第8期84-95,共12页Urban Development Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“县域乡村生活空间供需特征及互动机制研究”(23YJCZH312);福建省社会科学基金项目“县域乡村生活空间整体性特征与形成机制研究”(FJ2023C027);国家自然科学基金面上项目“乡村生活空间的演变、现状特征及其影响机制研究”(42171199);国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于消费者意愿的城市新空间识别、特征与形成机理研究”(52378087)。

摘　　要：乡村生活空间政策是改善乡村居民日常生活,推动乡村具备现代化生活条件,实现乡村振兴的战略性手段之一。乡村生活空间系统包含乡村聚落人居环境、住房、消费/商业、文化/文体休闲、乡村教育、医疗卫生服务六个方面。在此基础上,以24份中央一号文件为政策文本,构建乡村生活空间政策分析框架,运用政策文本量化分析方法,对乡村生活空间政策工具的使用及阶段演化特征进行分析。研究发现,乡村生活空间政策工具呈现环境型为主、供给型为辅、需求型严重短缺的特征,且供给型和环境型政策工具内部也不均衡。乡村生活空间政策整体上经历了启动、扩展、全面实施三个阶段,政策工具内部结构逐渐多元,政策内容更加具体且易实施,并不断规范化、标准化和系统化。政策工具对乡村聚落人居环境、教育、医疗卫生的考虑日益充分,对消费的重视程度逐步增强,但对住房、休闲的关注度尚待加强。基于此,提出应优化政策工具类型与内部结构,着力增加供给型与需求型政策工具,实现三类政策工具的基本平衡,并聚焦于解决乡村生活空间系统各个方面的难点问题,推动乡村生活空间朝着人本化、科学化、可持续发展。The rural living space policy is one of the strategic means to improve the daily life of rural residents,promote modern living conditions in rural areas,and realize rural revitalization.This paper defines the rural living space system as including six aspects,which are rural human settlements,housing,consumption,leisure,education,and medical care.On this basis,this paper uses 24 No.1 central documents as policy texts to construct an analytical framework for rural living space policy.This paper uses the quantitative analysis method of policy texts to analyze the use and stage evolution characteristics of policy tools in rural living space.The results show that the policy tools of rural living space are dominated by environmental policy tools,followed by supply-oriented policy tools,and there is a serious shortage of demand-based policy tools,and there is an imbalance between supply-oriented and environment-oriented policy tools.The rural living space policy has gone through three stages:initiation,expansion and full implementation.The internal structure of policy tools is gradually diversified,and the policy content is more specific and easy to implement,and it is constantly standardized,standardized and systematized.Policy tools have given more consideration to rural human settlements,education,and medical care,and the importance of consumption has gradually increased,but the attention to housing and leisure needs to be strengthened.Based on this,this paper proposes that the types and internal structure of policy tools should be optimized,and efforts should be made to increase supply-oriented and demand-oriented policy tools to achieve the basic balance between the three types of policy tools,and focus on solving the difficult problems in all aspects of the rural living space system,so as to promote the human-oriented,scientific and sustainable development of rural living space.

关 键 词：乡村生活空间 政策工具 政策变迁 中央一号文件 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]