国际单位制之前长度测量系统的历史探源  

Historical Origins of Length Measurement Systems Before the International System of Units

作　　者：范文贵 FAN Wengui(Faculty of Education,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin,300387)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学教育学部,天津300387

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2024年第8期67-75,共9页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划项目“学校教育共同体精准帮扶系统构建与实效研究”(项目编号:TJJX18-014)。

摘　　要：本文阐述美索不达米亚、埃及、希腊、意大利、印度、英国等国家在国际“米制”建立之前的测量单位历史变迁。尼普尔肘尺、古地亚肘尺是苏美尔文明时期的测量标准;古埃及测量系统有多个肘尺,皇家肘尺与小肘尺分别用于修建金字塔和手工业品的制造等;希腊各地区都有自己的测量标准,包括“米诺斯尺”“希腊尺”“多立克尺”等不同类型的尺。研究者利用金字塔、计量浮雕、神庙、纪念碑等建筑数据解释测量工具的长度单位;将线性测量与体积和面积测量联系起来,推测长度单位。This paper expounds the historical changes of measurement units in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece,Italy, India, Britain and other countries before the establishment of the international “metric system”. The Nippur cubit and the Gudea cubit were the measurement standards during the Sumerian civilization;the ancient Egyptian measurement system had multiple cubits, the royal cubit and the small cubit were used in the construction of pyramids and the manufacture of handicrafts, etc.;there are its own measurement standards including different types of foot in Each region of Greece, such as “Minoan foot”, “Greek foot” and “Doric foot”. Researchers use architectural data such as pyramids, metered reliefs, temples, monuments to interpret the length units of measurement tools. They also link linear measurements to volume and area measurements to infer length units.

关 键 词：长度单位 埃及肘尺 希腊尺 罗马尺 英尺 

分 类 号：TG81[金属学及工艺—公差测量技术] O4-34[理学—物理]