肥胖损伤下丘脑GnRH神经元功能的研究进展  

Progress on obesity-induced hypothalamic GnRH neuron dysfunction

作　　者：刘媚 杨蕾蕾 杨芊 管庆波 于春晓[1] Liu Mei;Yang Leilei;Yang Qian;Guan Qingbo;Yu Chunxiao(Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose&Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging,Department of Endocrinology,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affliated to Shandong First Medical University,Jinan 250012,China;Department of Radiology,Luoyang Branch of Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Luoyang Hospital of TCM,Luoyang 471003,China)

机构地区：[1]内分泌糖脂代谢与脑老化教育部重点实验室,山东第一医科大学附属省立医院内分泌代谢病科,济南250012 [2]北京中医药大学东直门医院洛阳医院(洛阳市中医院)放射科,洛阳471003

出　　处：《中华内分泌代谢杂志》2024年第7期625-634,共10页Chinese Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82370849,82270839);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023MH008)。

摘　　要：生育能力逐年下降已成为关系到国计民生的重大问题, 肥胖是其主要原因之一。下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)神经元释放GnRH, 通过下丘脑-垂体-性腺(HPG)轴调控雌激素和雄激素的分泌, 影响性发育和生育能力。保持GnRH神经元功能在维系正常的性发育和生育能力过程中发挥重要作用。研究表明, 肥胖可能通过影响GnRH神经元脉冲分泌核心——kisspeptin神经元, 诱导能量感受及代谢因子分泌失衡, 下丘脑炎症状态等多种途径, 直接或间接作用于下丘脑GnRH神经元, 影响GnRH的释放, 最终影响性发育, 损伤生育能力。因此, 本文综述了肥胖诱导下丘脑GnRH神经元功能损伤相关机制的国内外最新进展, 为肥胖患者的临床早期干预、改善生育能力提供新的思路。The declining fertility has emerged as a significant concern impacting national welfare,with obesity identified as a major contributing factor.In the hypothalamus,gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)neurons release GnRH,which regulates the secretion of estrogen and testosterone via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal(HPG)axis,thereby influencing sexual development and fertility.The proper function of GnRH neurons is crucial for maintaining normal sexual development and fertility.Research indicates that obesity can impact GnRH neuron function through several pathways,such as disrupting pulsatile secretion core kisspeptin neurons,causing imbalance in energy sensing and metabolic factor secretion,and triggering hypothalamic inflammation.These pathways directly or indirectly influence GnRH neuron function in the hypothalamus,which ultimately affects sexual development and impairs fertility.Therefore,this review consolidates recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms by which obesity induces dysfunction in hypothalamic GnRH neurons,offering new perspectives for early clinical interventions aimed at enhancing fertility outcomes in obese individuals.

关 键 词：生育能力 肥胖 GnRH神经元 

分 类 号：R589.2[医药卫生—内分泌]